Evidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use aquaculture limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam IM or orally (PO) tilapia. Two hundred seventy were assigned 1 3 treatment groups: meglumine (2.2 mg/kg); (1 PO mg/kg). Blood tissue samples collected from 6 per at 14 time point...

Background: Progesterone, one of a class neurosteroids, has been linked to seizure control. However, the pharmacokinetics progesterone and its active metabolite, allopregnanolone, have never investigated among patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Objective: To investigate progesterone, 400 mg micronized per oral every 12 hours for three months, DRE as an add-on therapy The pharmacokinet...

The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a precious herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This study establishes high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method quantify seven bioactive constituents from Danshen in rat plasma simultaneously. Chromatographic separation performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μ...

The bioavailability of two dipyridamol tablet formulations of (Dipyridamole from Tolidaru and Persantin from Boehringer) was compared in 14 healthy male volunteers who received a single dose of 25 mg of the test (T) and the reference (R) products in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained over a 16 h interval and dipyridamole concentrations determined by HPLC ...

Background: Deferasirox is an orally bioavailable synthetic, tridentate iron chelator that binds iron at a 2:1 ratio. The generic brand for this drug is still not available in Indonesia. We aimed to compare the efficacy between the generic drug and its innovator (Exjade®) by a study of bioequivalence in Indonesia among healthy volunteers. Methods: An open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, rand...

The toxicokinetics of single dose phenothrin were examined in rabbits. For this aim, a total 14 New Zealand breed, 2 to 2.5 kg body weight, 6 month-old female rabbits used. animals divided into two groups and each group had 7 animals. Phenothrin was administered intravenously animal 1, at 10 mg/kg b.w. orally the same dose. Dimethyl sulfoxide used as solvent application phenothrin. Plasma level...

Fexuprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker approved for treating gastric-acid-related diseases. Although the effectiveness of recent formulation fexuprazan 10 mg has been demonstrated in Phase 3 clinical trials, data on pharmacokinetics (PKs) administering twice daily at 12 h interval are lacking. Moreover, it imperative to ensure bioequivalence new with previously 40 formulation. This ...

insulin-loaded biodegradable chitosan nanoparticle was prepared by the polyelec-trolyte complex formation method. the prepared nanoparticles were in the size of 110 nm and had high entrapment (91.0%) capacity. the transdermal nanoinsulin was characterized by in vivo hypoglycemic effects. plasma glucose was decreased to the range of 80.34 to 96.74 mg/dl, and insulin levels were increased to the ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent for which pharmacodynamic relationships between the maximum serum antibiotic concentration (Cmax)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio and/or the area under the serum concentration-time curve during a 24-h dosing period (AUC(0-24))/MIC ratio and clinical and/or microbiological outcomes have been developed. In this st...

OBJECTIVE To assess the absorption profile of inhaled insulin in healthy, actively smoking subjects at baseline, after smoking cessation, and after smoking resumption and compare it with nonsmoking subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics were measured in 20 male smoking subjects (10-20 cigarettes/day) and 10 matched nonsmoking subjects after receiving ...