The purpose of this study was to find out whether the bioavailability of a 550 mg naproxen sodium (CAS 22204-531 ) tablet (Sunprox, test) produced by Sunward Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd was equivalent to that produced by the innovator. The pharmacokinetic parameters assessed in this study were area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 72 hours (AUCt), area under the plasma con...

BACKGROUND Simultaneous prescription of clopidogrel and low-dose aspirin is recommended for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome because of improvements in efficacy and patient compliance. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of clopidogrel and aspirin was compared with coadministration of individual formulations to clarify the equivalence of the FDC. METH...

Introduction To achieve target concentrations, the application of higher-than-standard doses of amikacin is proposed for the treatment of sepsis due to an increase in volume of distribution and clearance, but little data are available on aminoglycoside administration in critically ill elderly patients. Patients and methods Forty critically ill elderly patients (aged over 65 years) who require...

In this paper, we study the relationship between the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) and the Cycle Cover Problem in terms of the strength of the triangle inequality on the edge costs in the given complete directed graph instance, G = (V, E). The strength of the triangle inequality is captured by parametrizing the triangle inequality as follows. A complete directed graph G = (V, E) ...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity of biosimilar candidate ABP 501 relative to adalimumab reference product from the USA and European Union (EU) and evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of ABP 501. METHODS Randomised, single-blind, single-dose, three-arm, parallel-group study; healthy subjects were randomised to receive ABP 501 (n=67), adalimumab (USA) (n=69)...

background methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist that has been in clinical use for five decades. its use in patients with brain tumors is primarily confined to primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl), in which it is the cornerstone of chemotherapy. objectives a selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method was developed...

BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to find out whether two oral preparations of 300 mg gabapentin (the test and reference capsules) were bioequivalent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a randomized, single-blind, crossover study under fasting condition, with a 7-day washout period, which included 37 healthy adult male and female subjects. After an overnight fast, subjects were given, ora...

INTRODUCTION Patiromer is a potassium-binding polymer that is not systemically absorbed; however, it may bind coadministered oral drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, potentially reducing their absorption. METHODS Twelve randomized, open-label, 3-period, 3-sequence crossover studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the effect of patiromer (perpetrator drug) on absorption and s...

To investigate whether long-term elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) causes declines in photosynthetic enhancement and leaf nitrogen (N) owing to limited soil fertility, we measured photosynthesis, carboxylation capacity and area-based leaf nitrogen concentration (N(a)) in Pinus taeda L. growing in a long-term free-air CO(2) enrichment (FACE) facility at an N-limited site. We also d...

Wuzhi capsule (WZC) is a preparation of an ethanol herbal extract of Schisandra sphenanthera (Nan-Wuweizi), with its main active ingredients that include schisandrin, schizandrol B, schisantherin A, schisanhenol, and deoxyschizandrin. WZC and tacrolimus are often coadministered for the treatment of drug-induced hepatitis in organ transplant recipients in China. Recently, it was reported that WZ...