Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained wide popularity and have increased tremendously in recent time due to growth in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. WSN has the potentiality to connect the physical world with the virtual world by forming a network of sensor nodes. Energy saving of sensor nodes is a major design issue since sensor nodes are usually battery-operated devi...

Traditionally, in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSN), cluster trees are constructed by connecting cluster heads. Though this way may reduce the number of routers, excess clusters may cause extra data transmission delay and will reduce the collection efficiency of sensing data. In this paper, we proposed a method that can effectively reduce the data transmission delay by minimizing the...

Clustering is an effective technique used to reduce energy consumption and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN). The characteristic of energy heterogeneity of WSNs should be considered when designing clustering protocols. We propose and evaluate a novel distributed energy-efficient clustering protocol called DCE for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, based on a Double-phase C...

LEACH in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) achieves good performance with reserving energy consumption and decreasing system delay. LEACH protocol does not consider a security issue for ensuring the protection of the network. So the security in LEACH is a complicated task. were we improved the LEACH protocol called a novel algorithm to select cluster heads with highest and balanced energy in wire...

Clustering is an efficient method adopted in various routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks. However, most clustering algorithms are not suitable for heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a Density-based Energy-efficient Clustering Heterogeneous Algorithm (DECHA). In DECHA, we define the density of a node and together with its energy condition to adjust the probability for ...

The cluster heads (CHs) will face the contradiction between lack of available energy and demand high consumption in harvesting-supported device-to-device multicast communications (EH-D2MD). Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is a possible way to address above contradiction. members (D2D) can part their CH by WPT jointly undertake contents unloading. As result, transmission robustness be i...

Due to the necessity of saving energy cost in low-powered devices, extending the lifetime of a sensor node powered by battery in both homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is area of interest. To save battery power in sensor networks, many research works including low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and its variants use clustering techniques to reduce energy...

Wide research has been carried out in this Wireless Sensor Networks to improve the lifetime of the sensor nodes in order to enhance the performance of the network. Clustering hierarchical structure is the base for the most of the existing methods which significantly reduces the energy consumption of each node, but it increases the communication burden of the cluster heads. In the proposed metho...

Finding cluster head (CH) is an important issue in WSN. A new optimization algorithm Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) has been introduced recently, inspired by socio-political process of imperialistic competition. We use ICA for CH selection according to the communication energy (CE) cost. We demonstrate that ICA is an effective method for selection of CH in WSN. ICA either finds one or ...

Mobile Ad-hoc networks are constrained by constantly changing topology, uncertain channel conditions and limited resources. Routing overhead increases with increased number of nodes and increased traffic. Multipath routing is popular technique used to improve the throughput and provide load balancing. To further enhance scalability and to achieve better quality of service ,mobile nodes can be g...