Due to the fact that escape panics are unexpected and dangerous, which excludes real-life experiments because of technical difficulties and ethical reasons, the evacuation simulations in real-life disasters are still rare. In this paper, the escape panics of classroom evacuation in real-life 2013 Ya’an earthquake in China are simulated and reproduced using the social force model. Firstly, a rob...

Title of dissertation: DEVELOPMENT OF A MIXED-FLOW OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY EVACUATION IN URBAN NETWORKS Xin Zhang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Gang-len Chang Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering In most metropolitan areas, an emergency evacuation may demand a potentially large number of evacuees to use transit systems or to walk over some ...

Disasters are quite experienced in our days. They are caused by floods, landslides, and building fires that is the main objective of this study. To cope with these unexpected events, precautions must be taken to protect human lives. The emphasis on disposal work focuses on the resolution of the evacuation problem in case of no-notice disaster. The problem of evacuation is listed as a dynamic ne...

Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to calculate the time it takes to evacuate a building, which can then be used in an engineering safety analysis. However, there is a lack of available data and theory on occupant behavior for use by evacuation models to estimate evacuation time results and their uncertainty. In lieu of data and theory, ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the longest acceptable serum-clot contact time before centrifugation in lactate dehydrogenase and inorganic phosphorus analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LDH and inorganic phosphorus serum levels from 103 adults were analyzed at three different storage times. The three measures were done immediately (T0), after a 2-h serum-clot contact (T2) an...

In vertebrates and arthropods, blood clotting involves the establishment of a plug of aggregated thrombocytes (the cellular clot) and an extracellular fibrillar clot formed by the polymerization of the structural protein of the clot, which is fibrin in mammals, plasma lipoprotein in crustaceans, and coagulin in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Both elements of the clot function to staunc...