BACKGROUND After cardiac surgery adequate postoperative analgesia is necessary. We assessed analgesia using intrathecal morphine and clonidine. METHODS In a double-blind randomized study, 45 patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery were allocated randomly to receive i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine (bolus, 1 mg; lock-out interval, 7 min) (control group), either alo...

Background: Several clinical studies have shown that clonidine prolongs sensory motor blockade when used with bupivacaine but ideal doses of clonidine on ropivacaine is not well defined and to evaluate the effect of two doses of clonidine on ropivacaine, for supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. Methods: In a prospective randomized double blind study supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade...

Patients with autonomic failure are disabled by orthostatic hypotension, which can be worsened by the nighttime pressure natriuresis induced by associated supine hypertension. Several pharmacological agents are available that effectively reduce nighttime hypertension, but none of them prevent pressure natriuresis. Because hypertension of autonomic failure can be driven by residual sympathetic t...

BACKGROUND This randomized, double-blind study tested the hypothesis that, in comparison with midazolam, premedication with oral clonidine reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in preschool children anaesthetized with sevoflurane. METHODS Sixty-eight ASA I-II children undergoing circumcision were randomized into three groups to receive different oral premedication given 30 min before a...

OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of an infusion of clonidine 1 μg/kg/hr on fentanyl and midazolam requirement in ventilated newborns and infants. DESIGN Prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled multicenter trial. Controlled trials.com/ISRCTN77772144. SETTING Twenty-eight level 3 German PICUs/neonatal ICUs. PATIENTS Ventilated newborns and infants: stratum I (1-28 d), stratum II,...

BACKGROUND Perioperative hypothermia is common and results from anaesthesia-induced inhibition of thermoregulatory control. Hypothermia is blunted by baroreceptor unloading caused by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and is mediated by an increase in the vasoconstriction threshold. Premedication with clonidine impairs normal thermoregulatory control. We therefore determined the effect of...

purpose: today considerable advances have been achieved in application of nano-particles.   fullerene is one of the artificial forms of carbon element. long life cycle of medicines in the   human body is a success factor in delivery of medicine to the specific place. lots of nanoparticles   are being developed in this field and from a medical point of view, achieving such   goals is vital. the ...

A partial recovery of locomotor functions has been shown in spinal cord-transected (Tx) cats after regular treadmill training and repeated administration of clonidine, an alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor agonist. However, clonidine has generally failed to show prolocomotor effects in other models (e.g., rat or mudpuppy in vitro-isolated spinal cord preparations). The reasons for this discrepancy remain ...

Background. Clonidine, a partial presynaptic and postsynaptic a-adrenoceptor agonist, has been shown to lower blood pressure in normal subjects but not in tetraplegics; however, the mechanisms of this action have not been elucidated. Methods and Results. The hemodynamic and hormonal basis of the hypotensive action of clonidine was investigated in tetraplegics with complete cervical spinal cord ...

This study was designed to elucidate the possible participation of L-type calcium channels in the expression of clonidine-withdrawal precipitated by yohimbine in clonidine-dependent animals. Mice implanted for 5 days with osmotic minipumps containing the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine showed symptoms of a withdrawal syndrome (jerks, headshakes, defecations and weight loss) when yohimbin...