Two patients are described who developed action, reflex myoclonus during acute renal failure. In both cases the myoclonus was abolished after the intravenous administration of clonazepam. We suggest that the characteristic action myoclonus, which occurs in both acute renal failure and postanoxic encephalopathy, is caused by a disturbance of function in the lower brainstem reticular formation.

The patient is a 42 year old female with metastatic breast carcinoma with progressive metastatic brain disease requiring prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Her chief complaint was bilateral aching shoulder pain. Past history was also positive for diabetes mellitus, anemia, radical mastectomy, and gamma knife surgery for brain metastases. Medications included decadron, lamotrigine, oxycodone, fen...

Seizures are one of the commonest neurological symptoms seen in children. Recurrent seizures could ensue from epilepsy, febrile seizures, provoked seizures, drug inefficacy or with, or due to unknown or systemic illnesses [1]. A breakthrough seizure is an epileptic seizure that occurs, despite the use of anticonvulsants that have otherwise successfully prevented seizures in the patient. Breakth...

This study compared levetiracetam (Keppra) with reference antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings showed that i.p. administration of valproate (300 mg/kg), phenobarbital (5 mg/kg) and clonazepam (0.5 mg/kg) all significantly delayed the appearance of the first epileptic spike discharge in hippocampus as well as syn...

ABBREVIATIONS BBB: Blood brain barrier, CP: Cysteine protease, CPI: cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64: Epoxid compound: Clonazepam©, E/S: Excretory-secretory, FP2: Falcipain-2HDAC: Histone deacetylases, IFN: Interferon, LC: Lactacystin, NO: Nitrous oxide, PCD: Programmed cell death, PMN: Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes, PMSF: Phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride, PVS: Polyvenyl sulfone, SBT...

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are one of the most important drugs that have been used in treatment neuropsychological disorders. Indeed, BZDs abused by drug addicts regardless their therapeutic uses. Therefore, it was forensic and clinical toxicology to reach an easy reliable method for screening quantification human plasma matrix. In current work, five BZDs, namely bromazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, ...