We consider a strategic online social network that controls information flows between agents in a social learning setting. Agents on the network select among products of competing firms of unknown quality. The network sells advertising to firms. We consider display advertising, which is standard firm-to-consumer advertising, and social advertising, in which agents who purchased that firm’s prod...

two experiments were performed for in vitro establishment, proliferation and shoot growth in axillary bud explants of sebri pear cultivar. in the first experiment, the effect of different concentrations of iba(indole-3-butyric acid) on explants’ establishment was evaluated. in a second experiment, the influence of several combinations of pgrs (plant growth regulators)on shoot proliferation and ...

Immunological memory to pathogens is associated with clonal expansion and heightened responsiveness of antigen-specific T cells. Recent work emphasizes that, for efficient protective immunity, qualitative changes in T memory cells are vitally important.

We have found cell surface expression of an E alpha molecule in recombinant and transgenic mouse strains lacking an E beta molecule. Flow cytometry has shown low level expression of E alpha in B10.RQB3 (I-AqEk alpha) and B10.RFB2 (I-AfEk alpha) mice. We have also found that B10.Q (H-2q) mice can express the Ek alpha transgene. Since these strains do not have functional E beta chains, we propose...

Many notorious invasive plants are clonal, however, little is known about the different roles of clonal integration effects between invasive and native plants. Here, we hypothesize that clonal integration affect growth, photosynthetic performance, biomass allocation and thus competitive ability of invasive and native clonal plants, and invasive clonal plants benefit from clonal integration more...

We report for the first time mecC-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mecC-MRSA) in livestock in Spain. One isolate (sequence type 130) was found in milk samples among 601 S. aureus isolates obtained from 229 dairy sheep farms. This finding highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission of mecC-positive MRSA and the need for surveillance programs to monitor its presence an...

Clonal plants have been shown to successfully survive in stressful environments, including salinity stress, drought and depleted nutrients through clonal integration between original and subsequent ramets. However, relatively little is known about whether clonal integration can enhance the performance of clonal plants under alkalinity stress. We investigated the effect of clonal integration on ...

Abstract Phytophthora infestans (causal agent of potato late blight) populations are mainly clonal in Great Britain (GB), but sexual reproduction the pathogen leads to emergence novel (non‐clonal) genotypes that may have traits such as new virulence or fungicide insensitivity can make them more challenging control. In this study, spatiotemporal variation diversity P . across GB was mapped and i...