OBJECTIVE In this narrative review, an overview is given of the pros and cons of various crystalloid fluids used for infusion during initial resuscitation or maintenance phases in adult hospitalized patients. Special emphasis is given on dose, composition of fluids, presence of buffers (in balanced solutions) and electrolytes, according to recent literature. We also review the use of hypertonic...

Homeostasis of ionized calcium in biofluids is critical for human biological functions and organ systems. Measurement of ionized calcium for clinical applications is not easily accessible due to its strict procedures and dependence on pH. pH balance in body fluids greatly affects metabolic reactions and biological transport systems. Here, we demonstrate a wearable electrochemical device for con...

Peritoneal dialysis is a form of kidney dialysis that is used to remove accumulated metabolic waste products and water in patients with end stage kidney disease. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of glucose and its by-products, both found in peritoneal dialysis fluid, has been implicated in contributing to peritoneal damage over time, in turn limiting long-term use of the technique. New...

The diagnosis of perinatal insults currently relies on adequate documentation of general medical and obstetric factors and on radiologic and laboratory assessments. The measurement of brain constituents such as S100B protein may offer an alternative and direct indicator of cell damage in the nervous system when clinical and radiologic assessments are still silent and has the additional advantag...

OBJECTIVE To examine electrolyte-free water requirements that should be considered when administering maintenance fluids in a critically ill child. We examine some of the difficulties in estimating these requirements, and discuss the controversies with respect to the traditional recommendations. SOURCES MEDLINE (1966-2007), Embase (1980-2007), and the Cochrane Library, using the terms fluid t...

PURPOSE Recent studies have established the association between hypotonic fluids administration and hospital-acquired hyponatremia in children. The present paper investigated the pattern of current practice in intravenous fluid prescription among Korean pediatric residents, to underscore the need for updated education. METHODS A survey-based analysis was carried out. Pediatric residents at si...

BACKGROUND Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that maintains chromosomal telomere length. Telomerase is not active in nonmalignant somatic cells, but is activated in most human cancers. Telomerase activity in easily obtainable body fluids that bathe tumors may be a useful cancer marker, especially when used in conjunction with conventional cytology. APPROACH Results from studies that assayed t...

Abstract A wide variety of cutting fluids are commercially available in the cutting fluid suppliers in order to provide machining performances for a number of industries. In machining, mineral, synthetic and semi-synthetic cutting fluids are widely used but, recently, uses of vegetable based cutting fluids have been increased. Although, these cutting fluids are beneficial in the industries, the...

An analytical equation of state has been previously modified by Papari et al. for representing the volumetric properties of molecular fluids. However the performance of that EOS has not been yet well investigated for refrigerant fluids. This study extended that equation to 19 liquid refrigerants to predict their densities at isothermal and saturated states. Two temperature-independent parameter...