Abstract The increasing divergence/disagreement between the meteorological drought indicators, majorly due to changing climate conditions, has disputed their pertinency in monitoring and modeling of events. In present study, we attempted quantify divergence widely used indices such as standardized precipitation index (SPI), evapotranspiration (SPEI), newly developed net (SNEPI) traced evolution...

The size of infectious disease outbreaks frequently depends on climate influences as well as on the level of immunity in the host population. This is particularly the case with vectorborne and waterborne diseases, for which pathogen transmissibility critically depends on ecological conditions. Here, a mathematical model that was applied to the bacterium Vibrio cholerae to understand its disease...