Although cleaners represent a significant part of the working population worldwide, they remain a relatively understudied occupational group. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between cleaning work and asthma, but the risk factors are uncertain. Cleaning workers are exposed to a large variety of cleaning products containing both irritants and sensitizers, as well as to common in...

Purpose. To develop methods for spatial control over ultrasonic cleaning by using phased array of radiators. simulate the process developed to prove their effectiveness. Methodology. Application as a basic radiator enables redistribution intensity in bath increasing it most contaminated zones cleaned object. Geometric and physical laws provide analytically defined parameters beam. Findings. The...

[1] A down-core comparison of two commonly applied foraminiferal cleaning procedures for Mg/Ca paleothermometry has been conducted using well-preserved Globigerinoides ruber white (250–300 mm) from core material deposited under varying terrigenous-input and bottom water conditions. This study demonstrates that in the majority of investigated core materials, both cleaning methods yield fairly co...

Wet work is the main cause of occupational contact dermatitis in the cleaning industry. Dermatologists and occupational physicians need to base their primary and secondary prevention for workers in the cleaning industry on the characteristics of wet work exposures. We quantified the burden of wet work in professional office cleaning activities with a continuous standardized observation by train...

The vast majority of dry cleaners worldwide use the toxic chemical perchloroethylene (PCE), which is associated with a number of adverse health and environmental impacts. Professional wet cleaning was developed as a nontoxic alternative to PCE dry cleaning but has not been widely adopted as substitute technology. In the greater Los Angeles, CA, region, a demonstration project was set up to show...

Two new methods for the laser cleaning using a Q-swihed Nd:YAG laser have been developed and investigated. These offer increased efficiency and reduction in possible substrate damage for a wide range of substrate/encrustation combinations. In angular laser cleaning, it is shown that by controlling the angle of incidence of the cleaning laser, significant improvement in the efficiency of cleanin...

The manufacturing industry today uses many kinds of chemicals in its cleaning processes. The industrial cleaners often contain some sort of degreasing chemical to clean parts and components before the main processes, for instance assembly or surface treatment. These types of cleaning methods are often expensive and involve hazardous handling of chemicals in manufacturing, as well as in the tran...

This study assessed the effect of different etching time of hydrofluoric acid and ultrasonic cleaning of the etched ceramic surface on the resin microtensile bond strength stability to a feldspathic ceramic. The research hypotheses investigated were: (1) different etching time does not affect the adhesion resistance; (2) ultrasonic cleaning improves the adhesion resistance. Forty-eight (48) blo...

The cleaning and sanitation of milking equipment could be consider a critical point in the milking procedure because a cleaning failure could influence the level of bacteria contamination of bulk tank milk. Aim of the study is to monitor the cleaning procedures of milking systems in 7 dairy cows farms in Lombardy and to find a relation between efficacy of cleaning system and the bacterial quali...