BACKGROUND Allergenic pollen exposure is mostly seen as an outdoor phenomenon but studies have shown an indoor exposure: different pollen species including birch and grass pollen in houses, schools, and shops are leading to long-lasting symptoms even after the pollen season because pollen settle on surfaces and re-enter the indoor air depending on ventilation. To reduce indoor pollen load, wind...

Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installat...

Mutualisms affect the biodiversity, distribution and abundance of biological communities. However, ecological processes that drive mutualism-related shifts in population structure are often unclear and must be examined to elucidate how complex, multi-species mutualistic networks are formed and structured. In this study, we investigated how the presence of key marine mutualistic partners can dri...

Use of a portable HEPA filter cleaner in a room is believed to be capable of reducing the risk of transmission of infectious diseases through removing the particles or large droplets to which pathogens are attached. It is hoped that the portable HEPA filter(s) can increase the effective air change rate (for particle removal only) in a general ward to the ventilation standard of an isolation war...

Toxicity and temporal changes in toxicity of freshwater-marsh-microcosms containing South Louisiana Crude (SLC) or diesel fuel and treated with a cleaner or dispersant, were investigated using Chironomus tentans, Daphnia pulex, and Oryzias latipes. Bioassays used microcosm water (for D. pulex and O. latipes) or soil slurry (for C. tentans) taken 1,7, 31, and 186 days after treatment. SLC was le...

a water soluble, bronsted acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid as an efficient organocatalyst was used for the synthesis of physiologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at reflux condition. cost-effectiveness, use of non-hazardous solvents, metal free and commercially available catalyst, single-step, environmentally friendly gre...

Most viruses are capable of fixing up the first few bytes and repair the original program because they have to return the control back to the infected program. This fact is used by a heuristic cleaner to clean the infected file. As the virus knows how to repair the it uses the same virus to repair the infected file. There are some infections where parts of the files are damaged by the virus. Th...

Residue identification in a pharmaceutical manufacturing environment involves; the cleaner, primary ingredients, excipients, decomposition products, and preservatives. This document is intended to help with the cleaner residue identification. Residue detection method selection for cleaners can involve specific methods for specific cleaner ingredients such as; high performance liquid chromatogra...