The huge global energy consumption has raised concerns over the depletion in readily available conventional resources. Besides, there are harmful atmospheric effects of fossil fuels and qualms future world hence is dire need new renewable sources that cheap, non-polluting, environmentally friendly, clean. This only way we can stop using fossil. Hydrogen considered as an ideal fuel for because i...

Infrared-absorption measurements and first-principles quantum chemical calculations reveal that the initial oxidation of clean Si(100)-(231) by O2 involves the formation of a metastable silanone intermediate, (O)SivO, containing two oxygen atoms presumably from the same O2 molecule. Oxygen insertion into the surface silicon Si-Si backbonds is either thermally activated ~;1-eV barrier! or induce...

In this paper, a method for through-wall human detection based on the singular values decomposition of the measurement matrices is presented. After demonstrating the sparsity of the matrices using CLEAN algorithm, an SVD algorithm based on Lanczos process is applied to compute their singular values. We also analyze the singular values of matrices constructed by difference square techniques for ...

This paper proposes an investigation of propagation behaviour of Ultra–Wide Bandwidth (UWB) signals in outdoor environments. Specifically, we first report on the results of an extensive measurement campaign that we have carried out in three selected scenarios, namely “forest”, “hilly” and “sub– urban” environments. Then, we present the statistical model that we have derived after post–processin...

Using a pair bond type model for the interatomic interactions. we determine surface scgregation on clean, H, 0 and CO covered surfaces of various alloys. Furthermore, we study surface segregation caused by bulk hydrogen absorption. Numerical results are presented for Pd ,Zr, ~ H, We find, that strong surface segregation may result from chemisorption of 0 and CO and from absorption of H in the b...

Governments and private investors are becoming aware of the problems derived from the energy dependency on fossil fuels and other non-renewable energies. In this context, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which use hydrogen as fuel, are gaining increasing attention as clean and efficient energy conversion devices for a broad range of applications, such as automotive, stationary combi...

A clean stream of alkanes from renewable biomass resources is obtained through aqueous-phase reforming in a single reactor. Alkanes are produced from biomass-derived sorbitol through a bifunctional pathway (see scheme) that involves the dehydration of sorbitol on acid sites (SiO2/Al2O3) and hydrogenation of intermediates on a metal catalyst under a H2 atmosphere. Hydrogen is produced from sorbi...

The ESP determined through electron capture by small angle reflection of deuterons at well oriented Ni(110)surfaces is found to be influenced by H 2 adsorption. A coverage of one monolayer reduces the ESP from -96 -+ 3% to -8 ± 3%. The sign indicates predominance of minority spin electrons. Desorption of hydrogen from the nickel surface restores the original polarization measured at a clean (11...

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new class of crystalline porous materials prepared by integrating organic molecular building blocks into predetermined network structures entirely through strong covalent bonds. The consequently encountered "crystallization problem" has been conquered by dynamic covalent chemistry in syntheses and reticular chemistry in materials design. In t...

Photocatalytic reforming of lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging approach to produce renewable H2 . This process combines photo-oxidation of aqueous biomass with photocatalytic hydrogen evolution at ambient temperature and pressure. Biomass conversion is less energy demanding than water splitting and generates high-purity H2 without O2 production. Direct photoreforming of raw, unprocessed bio...