background post-operative nausea and vomiting (ponv) is one of the common problems after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. objectives the current study aimed to compare dexamethasone effect with that of granisetron in prevention of ponv. patients and methods in the current study 104 patients aged 20-60 with asa class i or ii who were candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the ...

I question whether it is completely accurate to think of the philosophical meaning of consciousness as being switched-on or switched-off. It may be that, once consciousness is switched-on, it is then found in degrees in animals we deem conscious. In which case, consciousness is more like a switched-on rheostat, rather than a simple on–off switch. Christian de Quincey (2006) gives a list of what...

Scientists studying consciousness are attempting to identify correlations between measurements of consciousness and the physical world. Consciousness can only be measured through first-person reports, which raises problems about the accuracy of first-person reports, the possibility of non-reportable consciousness and the causal closure of the physical world. Many of these issues could be resolv...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, consciousness has become a central topic in cognitive neuroscience. This review focuses on the relation between bodily self-consciousness - the feeling of being a subject in a body - and visual consciousness - the subjective experience associated with the perception of visual signals. RECENT FINDINGS Findings from clinical and experimental work have shown th...