background: one of the most common anomalies in newborn infants is cleft lip and/or cleft palate (cl/p). in spite of several studies about the prevalence of this, no investigation evaluated this prevalence in the west and north-west of iran. with due attention to different ethnic groups in this area, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the distribution of cl/p live births varies reg...

The title compound, hexa-mu-chloro-1:2kappa(4)Cl;2:3kappa(4)Cl;3:4kappa(4) Cl-hexachlor o-1kappa(2)Cl,2kappaCl,3kappaCl, 4kappa(2)Cl-hexakis(diethylamine)-1kappa(2)N,2kappa N,3kappaN, 4kappa(2)N-tetraindium(III), [(InCl(3))(4)(Et(2)NH)(6)] or [In(4)Cl(12)(C(4)H(11)N)(6)], lies about an inversion centre and consists of four octahedrally coordinated In centres linked by bridging Cl atoms to form ...

Stretch of β1 integrins activates an outwardly rectifying, tamoxifen-sensitive Cl− current (Cl− SAC) via AT1 receptors, NADPH oxidase, and reactive oxygen species, and Cl− SAC resembles the volume-sensitive Cl− current (ICl,swell). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase undergoes transactivation upon stretch, integrin engagement, and AT1 receptor activation and, in turn, stimulates NADP...

A somatodendritic gradient of Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) has been postulated to generate GABA-evoked responses of different polarity in retinal bipolar cells, hyperpolarizing in OFF cells with low dendritic [Cl(-)](i), and depolarizing in ON cells with high dendritic [Cl(-)](i). As glutamate released by the photoreceptors depolarizes OFF cells and hyperpolarizes ON cells, the bipolars' an...

in this paper, the thermodynamic properties of the aqueous mixed electrolyte system containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]cl) and nacl are reported based on the potentiometric method. the potentiometric measurements were performed on the galvanic cells without liquid junction of the type:ag-agcl [bmim]cl (m1), nacl(m2), h2o│il-ise, over total ionic strengths from 0.0025 to 2.00...

Cyclic AMP stimulates HCO3 secretion and Cl self-exchange in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. We found that varying peritubular [Cl] changed the Cl self-exchange rate with saturation kinetics (Km, 3-4 mM). HCO3 secretion also showed saturation kinetics as a function of mean luminal [Cl] (Km, 4-11 mM). Both Cl self-exchange and Cl-HCO3 exchange thus appear to be carrier-mediated. Addition/remo...

Maintenance of a low intraneuronal Cl- concentration, [Cl-]i, is critical for inhibition in the CNS. Here, the contribution of passive, conductive Cl- flux to recovery of [Cl-]i after a high load was analyzed in mature central neurons from rat. A novel method for quantifying the resting Cl- conductance, important for [Cl-]i recovery, was developed and the possible contribution of GABAA and glyc...