In previous reports from this laboratory [ 1,2] we have shown that in guinea pig liver mitochondria there is a competition for energy between PEP and citrulline synthesis. Fatty acids are known to affect the intramitochondrial PEP* formation. Octanoate has been found to inhibit PEP production [3,4], while oleate results in a stimulation of this process [5,6] . In the present investigation the e...

Nitric oxide, which mediates influences of numerous neurotransmitters and modulators on vascular smooth muscle and leukocytes, can be formed in the brain from arginine by an enzymatic activity that stoichiometrically generates citrulline. We show that glutamate and related amino acids, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate, markedly stimulate arginine--citrulline transformation in cerebellar slices stoi...

Regimen-related mucosal toxicity is extremely common following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mucositis is as an important determinant of the inflammatory response and infectious complications in cancer treated patients. Most assessment scales for mucosal damage are focussed on oral mucositis, since it is easy to evaluate. Measuring gastrointestinal musocal damage objectively remains ...

In the preceding paper (1) an enzyme preparation was described which catalyzed the synthesis of citrulline from ornithine in the presence of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), ammonia, magnesium and bicarbonate ions, and carbamylglutamate. Glutamic acid could not replace the latter compound. Balance studies have failed to provide satisfactory evidence for the r61e of carbamylglutamate in this system....

Yes. Testing for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody can help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because it is a highly specific test. For many years, the diagnosis of RA has been based on the presentation of symmetrical smalland large-joint polyarthritis that spares the lower spine, further supported by the presence of characteristic joint damage on radiography and an elevate...

Several physiological effects induced by activation of neurokinin(3) (NK(3)) receptors are mediated by the production of nitric oxide (NO). We investigated the intracellular coupling of NK(3) receptors to NO synthase (NOS) using a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that was stably transfected with both the NK(3) receptor and type I (neuronal) NOS. NOS activity in the transfected cell line was assa...

The rate at which isolated rat liver mitochondria synthesized citrulline with NH4C1 as nitrogen source was markedly dependent on the protein content of the diet. 2. Citrulline synthesis was not rate-limited by substrate concentration, substrate transport or ornithine transcarbamoylase activity under the conditions used. 3. The intramitochondrial content of an activator of carbamoyl phosphate sy...

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) utilizes L-arginine as its principal substrate, converting it to L-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). L-citrulline is recycled to L-arginine by two enzymes, argininosuccinate synthase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase (AL), providing the substrate arginine for eNOS and NO production in endothelial cells. Together, these three enzymes, eNOS, AS and AL, make...

Wine can contain trace amounts of ethyl carbamate (EC), a carcinogen formed when ethanol reacts with carbamyl compounds such as citrulline. EC is produced from arginine by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), e.g., Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Although the amounts of EC in wine are usually negligible, over the last few years there has been a slight but steady increase, as climate change has increased ...