This thesis describes methods to obtain value–added compounds from TMPturpentine obtained from the spruce, Picea abies. The methodology focuses on biotransformations using two approaches: an oxygenation approach (i.e. oxygenation of terpene hydrocarbons by cell cultures) and an esterification approach (i.e. lipase-catalysed transesterification of vinyl acetate with terpene alcohols, and a furth...

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical constituents, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, mutagenic and anti-mutagenic activities of the essential oil of Artemisia ciniformis Krasch. & Popov ex Poljakov, against important bacterial pathogens and human cells which were unknown before. In-vitro cytotoxicity was measured using a modified MTT assay on normal human lymphocytes and tumor HeLa ce...

SCOPE GABAA receptors are modulated by Sideritis extracts. The aim of this study was to identify single substances from Sideritis extracts responsible for GABAA receptor modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Single volatile substances identified by GC have been tested in two expression systems, Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic kidney cells. Some of these substances, especially carvacrol, were hi...

Eucalyptus has become one of the most widely planted genera in world because its tolerance to a wide range soil types and climates, as well for many industrial, commercial medicinal uses. torquata Luehm. is plantation species frequently semi-arid arid regions ecological, forestry, ornamental melliferous interests. Based on literature, drought this was mostly directed adaptation mechanisms. Phys...

Dinuclear and polymer complexes of 4-phenylpyridine (4-phpy), pyazine (pyz), 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) were prepared by using cis-[Rh2(4-Me-pf)2(O2CR)2] (4-Me-pf- =N,N’-bis(4-methylphenyl)formamidinate anion; R = CF3 CMe3) as precursor dinuclear units. The structures cis-[Rh2II,II(4-Me-pf)2(O2CR)2(4-phpy)2] cis-[Rh2II,III(4-Me-pf)2(O2CCMe3)2(4-phpy)2]BF4 [Rh2II,II(4-Me-pf)2(O2CR)2(L)]n (L pyz ...

Fenestranes are an intriguing class of highly strained molecules possessing a quaternary carbon with bonds that deviate from the canonical tetrahedral geometry. Herein we report the discovery that the natural product pleuromutilin can be used as a structurally complex starting material for the synthesis of a series of bridged cis,cis,cis,cis-[4.5.5.5]- and cis,cis,cis,cis-[4.5.7.5]oxafenestrane...

Cochlear implants (CIs) represent a significant engineering and medical milestone in the treatment of hearing loss for both adults children. In this review, we provide brief overview CI technology, describe benefits that CIs can to children who receive them, discuss specific limitations issues faced by users. We emphasize relevance linguistics community demonstrating how successfully access spo...

The employment of culture and language as a Chinese foreign policy strategy combines the leadership’s ideas academic effort to communicate with world. China’s approaches disseminating cultural soft power are seen through overseas Confucius Institutes (CIs). CIs have been recognized symbol for transmitting elements abroad. This research argues that function agents Beijing by promoting culture, f...

Tagetes is a genus of 56 species of annual and perennial mostly herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae).In this research our goal was recognizing the main components of the plant to extract useful ones. Essential oils of the leaves, seeds and flowers of Tagets minuta L., growing wild in Iran, were extracted by hydrodistillation an...