The development of solid-phase peptide synthesis in the early 1960s and recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970s boosted the scientific interest of utilizing proteins and peptides as potential therapeutic agents to battle poorly controlled diseases. While there has been rapid progress in the development and synthesis of new proteins and peptides as potential therapeutic agents, the formula...

Although homeostatic mechanisms remain of utmost importance, rhythmic changes are present also. The main ones have a period of 24 h (circadian) or about 2-3 h (ultradian). Circadian rhythms are derived from a body clock, found in the base of the brain, and from the pattern of our sleep wake cycle, including activity and meal times. These rhythms promote the regular changes between an active wak...

E-mail: [email protected] Chrono-pharmacokinetics investigates the variation in drug plasma levels as a function of time of day and the mechanisms responsible for time dependent variations. Chrono-pharmacokinetics may also be due to variations in levels of various metabolic enzymes such as Cyt. P450 (Cyp 3A). Similarly, patients of essential hypertension can be given a programmed delivery ...

This review summarizes research on the chronobiology and neurobiology of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a recurrent subtype of depression characterized by a predictable onset in the fall/winter months and spontaneous remission in the spring/summer period. Chronobiological mechanisms related to circadian rhythms, melatonin, and photoperiodism play a significant role in many cases of S...

Modern drug delivery systems have been promoted to a unique notion of chronopharmacology, i.e., the ability provide medicament patient in staggered profile, as discipline chronobiology has advanced. The main disadvantage developing such system that fits circadian cycle is lack accurate technology (Pulsatile system, PDDS). Pulsatile devices are gaining popularity because they deliver medicine co...

Chronobiology is a field that studies the effects of time on biological systems. Periodicity is of particular interest. The master biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus controls daily rhythms of core body temperature, rest-activity cycle, physiological and behavioral functions, psychomotor functions and mood in humans. The clock genes are involved in the generation of the circadian rh...