The standpoint is the station where the instrument is situated, and the forepoint is the point to which observations are being made (backsight or foresights). Figure 1, attached to this paper, shows the various distances discussed. They are described as follows: d1 is the wave path length (edm distance corrected for atmospheric delay), d2 is the wave path chord, d4 is the ellipsoidal arc length...

The study of bubble clustering processes may provide a significant insight into turbulent air–water flows. Previous studies investigated these processes in plunging jets, dropshafts and hydraulic jumps. This research investigates the bubble clustering process in hydraulic jumps using experimental data collected in a rectangular horizontal flume with partially developed inflow conditions for inf...

EI ρA Wn(x) eigenfunction corresponding to the n th eigenvalue Tn(t) generalized function corresponding to the n th eigenvalue Fn(t) forcing function in terms of the n th eigenmode z the deflection of the beam in the complex plane x nondimensional length scale by chord length of the NACA0012 airfoil κ Reduced plunging frequency, ωc U∞ h non-dimensional amplitude,y/c ha maximum nondimensional am...

This paper focuses on automatic extraction of acoustic chord sequences from a musical piece. Standard and factored language models are analyzed in terms of applicability to the chord recognition task. Pitch class profile vectors that represent harmonic information are extracted from the given audio signal. The resulting chord sequence is obtained by running a Viterbi decoder on trained hidden M...

Generative statistical models of chord sequences play crucial roles in music processing. To capture syntactic similarities among certain chords (e.g. in C major key, between G and G7 and between F and Dm), we study hidden Markov models and probabilistic context-free grammar models with latent variables describing syntactic categories of chord symbols and their unsupervised learning techniques f...

In this paper we present a chord finding system that is based on circular pitch spaces (CPS) introduced by Gatzsche et al. in 2008 [1] and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The classifier HMM works with the output of the CPS that is directly calculated from the chromagram (Figure 1). The CPS displays harmonic events clearer than the common used chromagram. Therefore it is appropriate for chord analys...

The hemispheric representation of auditory functions mediating the perception of harmony in music was investigated in two split-brain patients using a musical chord priming task. Previous experiments in normal subjects had demonstrated that the harmonic context established by a prime chord influences the accuracy of target chord intonation judgements. Only the right hemisphere of each callosoto...

Western musicians traditionally classify pitch sequences by disregarding the effects of five musical transformations: octave shift, permutation, transposition, inversion, and cardinality change. We model this process mathematically, showing that it produces 32 equivalence relations on chords, 243 equivalence relations on chord sequences, and 32 families of geometrical quotient spaces, in which ...

In this paper, a feature vector called the Enhanced Pitch Class Profile (EPCP) is introduced for automatic chord recognition from the raw audio. To this end, the Harmonic Product Spectrum is first obtained from the DFT of the input signal, and then an algorithm for computing a 12-dimensional pitch class profile is applied to it to give the EPCP feature vector. The EPCP vector is correlated with...

With the increasingly developed technology of mobile devices and wireless networks, more and more users share resources by mobile devices via wireless networks. Compared to traditional C/S architecture, P2P network is more appropriate for mobile computing environment. However, all existing P2P protocols have not well considered the characteristics and constraints of mobile devices and wireless ...