the principle of legality is a fundamental principle of criminal law within all statutory legal systems. the principle has been recognized in the iranian legal system which has been influenced by islamic law as well as french law especially since the beginning of the codification era. conversely, in english law which is mainly defined by common law, recently have been taken significant steps to...

EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 *English, Linguistics, *Linguistic Theory, Orthographic Symbols, Phonetics, *Phonetic Transcription, Phonology, Reading, *Reading Processes, Semantics, *Spelling Chomsky and Halle claim that an orthography based on their system of phonological representations of lexical items would be optimal. Their analysis assumes that (1) a reader need read only for meaning and n...

The ‘Generative’ program for linguistic theory is now about 50 years old. During its short history, the aims and methods of the program have changed, as is to be expected of any scientific approach to natural phenomena. This essay outlines three periods within the Generative enterprise. The phases can be (roughly) identified in terms of the different goals that generativists set for themselves;...

This essay examines greetings as one of the elements of politeness in a Nigerian community and how it influences the cultural characteristics of the people. To analyze, this essay makes use of speech act theory and politeness principle and also considers the pragmatic context in analyzing different types of greetings such as condolences, departure and arrival, rejoicing, daily greetings, casual...

Criticism of media coverage the Israeli-Palestinian conflict arguably exceeds that other conflicts. As advanced in their Propaganda Model, Herman and Chomsky claim this may result “flak” (26), which can constrain news certain issues (see Herman, Edward S., Noam Chomsky. 2002. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy Mass Media. New York: Pantheon). Researchers who have examined flak’s perce...

The purpose of this discussion is to seek to clarify a number of issues surrounding the More challengingly, it examines critically a set of observations that Chomsky has used to establish the importance of defective intervention effects in syntactic computation, and argues that modifications in Chomsky's assumptions that are more or less independently justified obviate the need to recognise suc...

Weighted automata model quantitative aspects of systems like the consumption of resources during executions. Traditionally, the weights are assumed to form the algebraic structure of a semiring, but recently also other weight computations like average have been considered. Here, we investigate quantitative context-free languages over very general weight structures incorporating all semirings, a...