BACKGROUND It is recommended that endurance athletes consume carbohydrate (CHO) supplements, providing 6-8% CHO concentration, during exercise > 60 minutes to improve athletic performance. Recently research has compared carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) supplementation to the traditionally used CHO supplementation during endurance exercise, following these supplementation recommendations, in control...

The molecular mode of cell killing by the antiviral drug (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with the thymidine kinase gene (tk) of varicella zoster virus (CHO-VZVtk). The colony-forming ability of the cells was reduced to <1% at a concentration of approximately 1 microM BVDU, whereas for nontransfected cells or cells tr...

The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet containing 8.5 g carbohydrate (CHO) x kg(-1) x day(-1) (high CHO; HCHO) compared with 5.4 g CHO x kg(-1) x day(-1) (control; Con) during a period of intensified training (IT) would result in better maintenance of physical performance and mood state. In a randomized cross-over design, seven trained runners [maximal O(2) uptake ...

Entamoeba histolytica adherence and destruction of host cells is required for in vivo pathogenicity; amebic in vitro adherence is mediated by a galactose- or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable surface lectin (Gal/GalNAc adherence lectin). Free intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) was measured in living amebae and target cells during amebic cytolysis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells...

The effect of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on metabolic responses to exercise has been investigated. Subjects cycled at approximately 70% of maximal oxygen uptake to fatigue [135 +/- 17 (+/- SE) min] on the first occasion (control, CON) and at the same work load and duration on the second occasion but with addition of ingestion of CHO during the exercise. Biopsies were taken from the quadriceps...

Since 1957 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used for in vitro cultivation as they require assimilable low sustenance [1]. Today, CHO cell lines represent the most commonly used mammalian expression system for the production of therapeutic proteins and are considered as the mammalian equivalent of E. coli in research and biotechnology [2]. The production of biopharmaceuticals in CHO cells i...

Background: Understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cell/tumor growth and progression has led to molecular-targeted therapy. HER1 and HER2 are two main oncogenic components of HER-receptor family considered as targets for cancer research and therapy. Reliable results of HER- related research and targeted therapies dependent upon cell line with known HER expression status....

We evaluated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) loading on cycling performance that was designed to be similar to the demands of competitive road racing. Seven well-trained cyclists performed two 100-km time trials (TTs) on separate occasions, 3 days after either a CHO-loading (9 g CHO. kg body mass(-1). day(-1)) or placebo-controlled moderate-CHO diet (6 g CHO. kg body mass(-1). day(-1)). A CHO ...

Chemically defined and animal derived free components media are required for bioprocess development and operation using mammalian cell as platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. The supplementation of commercial chemically defined media with specific compounds is studied for the optimization of CHO and HEK 293 cell culture. Design of Experiments approach is used to first screen the m...