Trends in the chlorine chemical shift (CS) tensors of amino acid hydrochlorides are investigated in the context of new data obtained at 21.1 T and extensive quantum chemical calculations. The analysis of chlorine-35/37 NMR spectra of solid L-tryptophan hydrochloride obtained at two magnetic field strengths yields the chlorine electric field gradient (EFG) and CS tensors, and their relative orie...

We assessed the safety and efficacy of combined intravenous and aerosolized antioxidant administration to attenuate chlorine gas-induced airway alterations when administered after exposure. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air or 400 parts per million (ppm) chlorine (a concentration likely to be encountered in the vicinity of industrial accidents) in environmental chambers for 30 ...

We investigated combustion in a small home waste incinerator and analyzed both flue gas and residual ash for formation of the dioxin-related compounds polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls and their precursors polychlorinated benzenes, polychlorinated phenols, polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Parti...

in some instances, it is inevitable that large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals like chlorine gas are stored and used in facilities in densely populated areas. in such cases, all safety issues must be carefully considered. to reach this goal, it is important to have accurate information concerning chlorine gas behaviors and how it is dispersed in dense urban areas. furthermore, mainta...

Chlorine oxidation followed by treatment with activated carbon was studied as a possible method for removing radioactive iodine from water. Chlorination time, chlorine dose, the presence of natural organic matter (NOM), the presence of bromide ion (Br⁻), and carbon particle size strongly affected iodine removal. Treatment with superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) after 10-min oxidation wi...

Drinking water contaminated by microorganisms can be a major risk to public health. Disinfection is used to destroy microorganisms that are potentially dangerous to humans. In order to prevent bacterial regrowth, it is also desirable to maintain a disinfectant residual in the water distribution system. The most commonly used disinfectant is chlorine. If the dosing rate of chlorine is too low, t...

Foodborne pathogens continue to pose a potential food safety hazard in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat. Chlorine is commonly used to sanitize processing equipment where Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Ec) may survive and contaminate food products. The objective of this study was to characterize the survival behavior of Ec with different stresses on RTE meats. A multi-strain cocktail of Ec was pre-treated wit...

Current standards, based on cell culture assay, indicate that poliovirus is inactivated by 0.5 mg of free chlorine per liter after 2 min; however, integrated cell culture-PCR detected viruses for up to 8 min of exposure to the same chlorine concentration, requiring 10 min for complete inactivation. Thus, the contact time for chlorine disinfection of poliovirus is up to five times greater than p...

SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION of low and erratic results obtained in one laboratory on standard solutions of uric acid revealed the presence of considerable free residual chlorine in the supply of distilled water. A further study was made of the effect of free chlorine on the determination of uric acid and other substances susceptible to oxidation-reduction reactions. Collier and Stuart (1) previous...

The results of a study of the photocatalytic oxidation of uichloroethylene (TCE) in air using titanium dioxide as the catalyst are reported. Dichloroacetyl chloride is found to be an intermediate in the oxidation sequence and carbon monoxide, phosgene, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and chlorine are found in the product mixture. The yields of each, except chlorine, have been determined usin...