The convective dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in salted water is theoretically studied to determine how parameters such as CO2 pressure, salt concentration, and temperature impact the short-time characteristics of the buoyancy-driven instability. On the basis of a parameter-free dimensionless model, we perform a linear stability analysis of the time-dependent concentration profiles of CO2 ...

We analyze mechanisms of moral disengagement used to eliminate moral consequences by industries whose products or production practices are harmful to human health. Moral disengagement removes the restraint of self-censure from harmful practices. Moral self-sanctions can be selectively disengaged from harmful activities by investing them with socially worthy purposes, sanitizing and exonerating ...

The self-diffusion of water in aqueous solutions of lithium chloride in bulk solutions and in these solutions confined to porous glass monoliths with bimodal pore structure has been studied by PFG NMR. The concentration dependent data for the bulk solutions are analyzed by the description of Sevrugin et al. [1], which yields information about the water dynamics within the ion’s hydration shell....

The mechanism responsible for active sodium transport in the urinary bladder of the toad appears to be located at the serosal boundary of the epithelial cell layer of the bladder. Studies of the potential step observed at the serosal boundary in the open-circuited state were undertaken in an attempt to define the factors responsible for its production. Glass micropipettes were used to measure t...

Electrostatic interactions govern structural and dynamical properties of membranes and can vary considerably with the composition of the aqueous buffer. We studied the influence of sodium chloride on a pure POPC lipid bilayer by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Increasing sodium chloride concentration was found to decrease the self-diffusion ...

Formation and dynamics of an Al(OH)3 precipitation ring is studied by diffusing NaOH into a gel containing AlCl3. Limited feeding of the outer electrolyte (NaOH) is found to yield an intricate ring-dynamics which involves stopping and reversal of the direction of motion of the precipitation ring, and evolution into stationary multi-ring structures. A model of the ring-dynamics is developed by c...

The hindgut of the desert locust possesses an unusual chloride transport system. The isolated locust rectum absorbs chloride from the mucosal (lumen) to the serosal (haemolymph) side at a rate which is equal to the short-circuit current (Isc). Net chloride transport (JClnet) persists in nominally Na-free or HCO3(CO2)-free saline, is insensitive to normal inhibitors of NaCl co-transport and anio...

Chloride ingress profiles do almost always have a peak at some depth but most prediction models are missing this peak. Some models, such as the fib model, simply “cut off” slice of concrete up to in further predictions. Other use data only from beyond include if it has same properties rest concrete. A physical model been developed quantify local changes because leaching and consequences these w...

Chloride binding capacity and its effect on the microstructure of mortar made with marine sand (MS), washed MS (WMS) river (RS) were investigated in this study. The chloride contents, hydration products, micromorphology pore structures mortars analyzed. results showed that there was a diffusion trend for ions from surface fine aggregate to cement hydrated products. During whole curing period, f...

Cesium lead iodide possesses an excellent combination of band gap and absorption coefficient for photovoltaic applications in its perovskite phase. However, this is not its equilibrium structure under ambient conditions. In air, at ambient temperature it rapidly transforms to a nonfunctional, so-called yellow phase. Here we show that chloride doping, particularly at levels near the solubility l...