Brain drug targeting technology is based on the application of four gene technologies that enable the delivery of drugs or genes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. I) Genetic engineering is used to produce humanized monoclonal antibodies that target endogenous BBB transporters and act as vectors for delivery of drugs or genes to the human brain. The conjugate of a neurotherapeutic an...

A fusion protein has been expressed from the relevant genes in mammalian cells consisting of the photoprotein aequorin and an anti-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl antibody gene. This chimeric antibody has allowed the development of a sensitive luminescent immunoassay. Initially the cDNA of the photoprotein aequorin from Aequorea victoria was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene was ex...

The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) protease gene was cloned into pGEX-QT, an Escherichia coli expression vector containing the glutathione S-transferase coding region of Schistosoma japonicum. The chimeric protein was formed by fusion of the glutathione S-transferase with a hexapeptide which contains a thrombin cleavage site, followed by the MMTV protease. Affinity chromatography on a glutath...

An in vivo test system was developed to study group II intron splicing in higher plant chloroplasts. The chimeric reporter gene uidA was constructed by translational fusion of an intron-containing segment of the plastid atpF gene with the coding region of a plastid uidA reporter gene. The chimeric uidA gene was inserted into the tobacco plastid genome by the biolistic transformation procedure u...

Chimeric fluorescent fusion proteins have been employed as a powerful tool to reveal the subcellular localizations and dynamics of proteins in living cells. Co-expression of a fluorescent fusion protein with well-known organelle markers in the same cell is especially useful in revealing its spatial and temporal functions of the protein in question. However, the conventional methods for co-expre...

BACKGROUND Inadequate placental development is associated with a high incidence of early embryonic lethality and serious pregnancy disorders in both humans and mice. However, the lack of well-defined trophoblast-specific gene regulatory elements has hampered investigations regarding the role of specific genes in placental development and fetal growth. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By random assembly of ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (∼22 nucleotides) which regulate gene expression by silencing mRNA translation. MiRNAs are transcribed as long primary transcripts, which are enzymatically processed by Drosha/Dgcr8, in the nucleus, and by Dicer in the cytoplasm, into mature miRNAs. The importance of miRNAs for coordinated gene expression is commonly accepted. Consequentially, there ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiologic agent of blood transfusion–associated and sporadic nonA non-B hepatitis affecting more than 180 million worldwide. Vaccine development for HCV has been difficult and there is no vaccine or effective therapy against this virus. In this paper, we describe the development of an experimental plant-derived subunit vaccine against HCV. Our subunit vaccin...

In this study, human T cells were provided with a reactivity against the Lewis-Y (Le(Y)) carbohydrate antigen, which is overexpressed on 70% of epithelial-derived tumors, but not normally recognized by T cells. Antitumor reactivity was achieved by transduction of T cells with a gene encoding a cell-surface chimeric receptor composed of single-chain anti-Le(Y) antibody linked to an enhanced cyto...