the effect of in ovo injection of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter antibiotic was studied on hatchability, day old chick weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and carcass efficiency. three hundred and twenty eggs were divided into 4 groups, and injected on day 18. treatments consisted of: 1- control (no injection). 2- injection of 1 ml of distilled water in air sac (dw), ...

Introduction The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferases are currently the subject of rigorous investigations by a number of laboratories. Overwhelming evidence indicates that UDPglucuronyltransferase is a heterogeneous family of enzymes (see Burchell, 1981); thus these investigations in mammalian tissues are complicated by the specificit...

OBJECTIVE The distribution of cardiac output to different organs is well described in the mammalian fetus. Chick embryos are not often used in perinatal cardiovascular research and therefore it is not known whether they can serve as an animal model for this purpose. In this study we documented cardiac output distribution in chick embryos at increasing incubation time. METHODS Fertilized eggs ...

The chick homologue of the helix-loop-helix gene Id3 was isolated, and its expression pattern was analyzed during early stages of chick development. Chick Id3 is dynamically expressed in the olfactory, lens, and otic placodes. It is also observed in the epiphysis, nephric primordium, stomodeum, dermomyotome, distal branchial arches, dorsolateral hindbrain, foregut endoderm, dorsal spinal cord, ...

The explosive spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) through South and Central America has been linked to an increase in congenital birth defects, specifically microcephaly. Representative rodent models for investigating infections include direct central nervous system (CNS) injections late in pregnancy and transplacental transmission in immunodeficient mice. Microcephaly in humans may be the result o...

INTRODUCTION: Developmental dysplasia/dislocation of the hip (DDH) is the most common post-natal skeletal abnormality, and occurs when the joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum is unstable or malformed, or when the femoral head is partially or completely dislocated from the acetabular cup [1]. It is widely acknowledged that conditions which cause or result in reduced movement in ute...

BACKGROUND High resolution electrical stimulation of neural tissue is a fundamental challenge in applications such as deep brain stimulation and artificial vision. In artificial vision, achieving and validating local selective epi-retinal stimulation of different layers in the retina is particularly challenging owing to plurality of retinal cell types and delocalized wiring. RESULTS Strong se...