This paper presents a clock regenerator using two 2 order Σ-Δ (sigma-delta) modulators for wide range of dividing ratio as defined in HDMI standard. The proposed circuit adopts a fractional-N frequency synthesis architecture for PLL-based clock regeneration. By converting the integer and decimal part of the N and CTS values in HDMI format and processing separately at two different Σ-Δ modulator...

Amplification and simultaneous phase regeneration of DPSK signals is demonstrated using a phase-sensitive amplifier. Phase-sensitive gain is achieved in a Sagnac fiber interferometer comprised of nonpolarization maintaining, highly nonlinear fiber operating in the un-depleted pump regime. Both the pump and signal are RZ-DPSK pulse trains. The amplifier is capable of producing greater than 13 dB...

Dec 2000 News: * Claiming a world-best speed record for optical data transmission, researchers at Siemens have transmitted 7 Tbits/s over a single optical fiber using DWDM. That's the equivalent of over 100 million telephone calls or a billion pages of typed data per second. The demonstration was conducted by Siemens' Information and Communication Networks Group at the company's Advanced Optica...

Direct sulfonation of methane with SO3 to methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is accomplished in sulfuric acid with almost 100% selectivity in the presence of a catalyst, namely, Ce and Rh salts and molecular oxygen as the catalyst regenerator. In the absence of O2, the catalyst remains effective but the selectivity to MSA decreases to 53% and byproducts, principally CH3OSO3H, are formed. The effects of...

Passive signal regeneration based on the Membrane InP Switch (MIPS) is demonstrated. Because of the high confinement of light in the active region of the MIPS, the device acts as a saturable absorber with a highly non-linear response. Using this effect, the extinction ratio (ER) of low-ER signals can be tripled and a receiver sensitivity enhancement of 4.5dB is demonstrated using an input signa...

Air may be dehumidified when it is brought into contact with a suitable liquid desiccant. Different types of liquid desiccants are available in the market and the application of the proper desiccant in hot humid climates would improve the dehumidification effectiveness. The driving potential for a dehumidification process is the difference in the pressure of the water vapor in the air and the w...

Caloric cooling relies on reversible temperature changes in solids driven by an externally applied field, such as a magnetic electric uniaxial stress or hydrostatic pressure. Materials exhibiting solid-state caloric effect may provide the basis for alternative to conventional vapor compression technologies. First-order phase transition materials are promising materials, they yield large reporte...