A variety of processes of crystal growth proceeds via the gas phase. A short comparative overview on gas phase transports is given here. However, in the main we deal with the concept of Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions [1, 2]. The term “Chemical Vapor Transport” (CVT) summarizes heterogeneous reactions which show one shared feature: a condensed phase, typically a solid, has an insufficient pr...

What is the difference between argentaffin and argyrophilic reactions? Both terms relate to the formation of colloidal metallic silver (latin argentum, Greek argyros) (1), which may range in color from yellow through brown to black depending on particle size and density, in specific structural components of tissues. the metal is formed at sites of reduction of silver ions derived from a stainin...

During the past several years our group has developed and employed a new technique for realistic simulations of the interaction of light with matter. Recent simulations of laser pulses interacting with molecules clearly demonstrate the potential for control of chemical reactions, through various mechanisms which include the following: (i) excitation of electrons to states which have different b...

The three-variable autocatalator exhibits chaotic dynamics in an open system configuration. When the model is modified to include a dissociation reaction of the autocatalytic species, B!X+Y, followed by a recombination reaction, X+Y!C, an unusual sensitivity to initial conditions is displayed. The modified system exhibits an effectively infinite number of asymptotic attractors, some chaotic, so...

There are two formalisms for mathematically describing the time behavior of a spatially homogeneous chemical system: The deterministic approach regards the time evolution as a continuous, wholly predictable process which is governed by a set of coupled, ordinary differential equations (the “reaction-rate equations”); the stochastic approach regards the time evolution as a kind of random-walk pr...

The research outlined above resulted from a collaborative effort with Professor K. Brocklehurst at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. I thank Professor Brocklehurst, Dr. Caroline S. Jackson, Dr. Mark Searcey, and other members of our research groups involved in the above investigations. I also thank Therapeutic Antibodies Inc. and the Wellcome Trust for financial support. I090

1 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 2 On leave from the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04353 Košice, Slovakia 3 Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany 4 Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute of Physical an...

We show that a DNA-based chemical system can be constructed such that it closely approximates the dynamic behavior of an arbitrary system of coupled chemical reactions. Using strand displacement reactions as a primitive we explicitly construct reaction cascades with effectively unimolecular and bimolecular kinetics. Our construction allows for individual reactions to be coupled in arbitrary way...

As an electrochemical energy-storage technology with the highest theoretical capacity, lithium-oxygen batteries face critical challenges in terms of poor stabilities and low charge/discharge round-trip efficiencies. It is generally recognized that these issues are connected to the parasitic chemical reactions at the anode, electrolyte, and cathode. While the detailed mechanisms of these reactio...