The cleaning of heat exchangers, and other large process equipment, using large-scale ultrasonic systems has, in the past few years, progressed from a “curiosity” to a proven, practical tool for many clients. Research and a greater understanding of the physics involved in the cleaning process and the practical considerations of operating in the field have led to improvements in design and usabi...

Teat disinfection pre- and post-milking is important for the overall health and hygiene of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel probiotic lactobacilli-based teat disinfectant based on changes in somatic cell count (SCC) and profiling of the bacterial community. A total of 69 raw milk samples were obtained from eleven Holstein-Friesian dairy cows over 1...

The purpose of this Technology Profile is to provide summary information about enclosed spray gun washers that use alternative cleaners in order to raise awareness of their potential to reduce hazardous chemical use and the generation of hazardous waste and air emissions. This profile focuses on the potential benefits of enclosed spray gun washers using alternative cleaners when compared to tra...

4. Sample Preparation and Characterization 7 4.1 Hydrogen-content determination for as-fabricated samples 7 4.2 Minimum sample lengths for oneand two-sided oxidation tests 7 4.3 End-cap mass and welding procedure for one-sided oxidation test samples 7 4.4 Length, outer diameter, and wall thickness measurements 7 4.5 Pre-test cleaning with chemical detergent or organic solvent and rinsing 8 4.6 ...

Endoscopes are used frequently for the diagnosis and therapy of medical disorders. For example, greater than 10000000 gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures are performed each year in the United States. Failure to employ appropriate cleaning and disinfection/sterilization of endoscopes has been responsible for multiple nosocomial outbreaks and serious, sometimes life-threatening, infections. Fl...

An intentionally grown GaN film with laterally patterned Gaand N-face polarities is studied using in situ UV-photoelectron emission microscopy ~PEEM!. Before chemical vapor cleaning of the surface, the emission contrast between the Gaand N-face polarities regions was not significant. However, after cleaning the emission contrast between the different polarity regions was enhanced such that the ...

A self-cleaning effect developed through the use of a superhydrophobic and water-repellent surface was demonstrated for solar cell applications. A perfectly ordered microshell array was fabricated on a transparent and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer surface. This microshell PDMS showed an excellent water-repellent property with a contact angle (CA) higher than 150 and a hysteresi...

Plants have been used for centuries to improve dental health and to promote oral hygiene, and this practice persists in several communities throughout the world. "Miswak" is an Arabic word meaning "tooth-cleaning stick," and Salvadora persica miswak has a wide geographic distribution. It was used by ancient Arabs to whiten and polish the teeth. This review discusses the history and chemical com...

The effects of two ultrasonic cleaning units on surface deterioration and cleaning effectiveness of dental burs were compared in this study. The units tested were the Dextrex Model L 503B (Dextrex Chemical Industries, Inc., Bowling Green, KY) industrial ultrasonic unit and a conventional dental ultrasonic unit L & R T-21 B (L & R Manufacturing Co., Kearny, NJ). SEM photomicrographs of the burs ...

Phthalates, a ubiquitous class of chemicals found in consumer, personal care, and cleaning products, have been linked to adverse health effects. Our goal was to characterize urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and to identify work and nonwork sources among custodians using traditional cleaning chemicals and 'green' or environmentally preferable products (EPP). Sixty-eight custodians pro...