The physical situation which has initiated this research is that of a dielectric particle with electric charges on its surface, placed in electric field. Here, the diffusion equation of the charges is coupled with the Maxwell equations. There is an analytical solution of this system of equation [1] which involves some functional calculus with operators, in particular with Laplace-Beltrami opera...

Commonly used ferroelectric perovskites are also wide-band-gap semiconductors. In such materials, the polarization and the space-charge distribution are intimately coupled, and this Letter studies them simultaneously with no a priori ansatz on either. In particular, we study the structure of domain walls and the depletion layers that form at the metal-ferroelectric interfaces. We find the coupl...

Molecular separation technologies such as gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection have been the foundations of biomarker discovery. This is because medically significant biomarkers, for example in blood, can be as much as 10 fold less common than the most abundant protein, albumin and detecting these low abundance molecules requires high sensitivit...

We propose a generalization of Grunberg’s method of effective charges in which, starting with the effective charge for some dimensionless QCD observable dependent on the single energy scale Q, R(Q), we introduce an infinite set of auxiliary effective charges, each one describing the sub-asymptotic Qevolution of the immediately preceding effective charge. The corresponding infinite set of couple...

We consider the correlation functions of the tachyon vertex operator of the super Liouville theory coupled to matter fields in the super Coulomb gas formulation, on world sheets with spherical topology. After integrating over the zero mode and assuming that the s parameter takes an integer value, we subsequently continue it to an arbitrary real number and compute the correlators in a closed for...

The recent discovery of ‘magnetricity’ in spin ice raises the question of whether long-lived currents of magnetic ‘monopoles’ can be created and manipulated by applying magnetic fields. Here we show that they can. By applying a magnetic-field pulse to a Dy2Ti2O7 spin-ice crystal at 0.36 K, we create a relaxing magnetic current that lasts for several minutes. We measure the current by means of t...

The generalized open XXZ model at q root of unity is considered. We review how associated models, such as the q harmonic oscillator, and the lattice sine-Gordon and Liouville models are obtained. Explicit expressions of the local Hamiltonian of the spin 1 2 XXZ spin chain coupled to dynamical degrees of freedom at the one end of the chain are provided. Furthermore, the boundary non-local charge...