Pharmacological blockade or genetic knockout of neuronal connexin 36 (Cx36)-containing gap junctions reduces neuronal death caused by ischemia, traumatic brain injury and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity. However, whether Cx36 gap junctions contribute to neuronal death via channel-dependent or channel-independent mechanism remains an open question. To address this, we manipulated c...

The dynamic breakup of emulsion droplets was demonstrated in double-layered microfluidic devices equipped with designed pneumatic actuators. Uniform emulsion droplets, produced by shearing at a T-junction, were broken into smaller droplets when they passed downstream through constrictions formed by a pneumatically actuated valve in the upper control layer. The valve-assisted droplet breakup was...

Calculation of the tunneling magnetoresistance TMR of an Fe/MgO/Fe 001 junction with a disordered Fe/MgO interface is reported. It is shown that intermixing of Fe and Mg atoms at the interface decreases the TMR ratio rapidly and when about 16% of interfacial Fe atoms are substituted by Mg the calculated TMR saturates with increasing MgO thickness in good agreement with experiment. It is demonst...

We present a theory of the Coulomb blockade for a tunnel junction, with arbitrarily large tunnel conductance but with small channel transmissions, placed in a general electromagnetic environment containing no island. Our model, based on a self-consistent calculation of the complex admittance of the junction, predicts that high tunnel conductances wash out the Coulomb blockade and restore Ohmic ...

The quantitative relationship between presynaptic calcium influx and transmitter release critically depends on the spatial coupling of presynaptic calcium channels to synaptic vesicles. When there is a close association between calcium channels and synaptic vesicles, the flux through a single open calcium channel may be sufficient to trigger transmitter release. With increasing spatial distance...

Chondrocytes are the uniquely resident cells found in all types of cartilage and key to their function is the ability to respond to mechanical loads with changes of metabolic activity. This mechanotransduction property is, in part, mediated through the activity of a range of expressed transmembrane channels; ion channels, gap junction proteins, and porins. Appropriate expression of ion channels...

Scaling the Si MOSFET is revisited. Requirements on subthreshold leakage control force conventional scaling to use high doping as the device dimension penetrates into the deep-submicrometer regime, leading to undesirable large junction capacitance and degraded mobility. By studying the scaling of fully depleted SO1 devices, we note the important concept of controlling horizontal leakage through...

Abstract Coherence is one of the limiting factors in off-axis electron holography applications. This paper reports methods to improve coherence ∼18-fold by using a smaller biprism and implementing direct counting camera (K-camera) combination with an imaging filter system. We achieved 0.4 nm fringe spacing 1.5 μm field-of-view ∼33% contrast. The maximum number, N′, ∼1.8 × 103 was achieved, wher...

The flow of a floc-forming fluid in T-junction channel was numerically analyzed using non-Newtonian viscous model based on the population balance equation (PBE) floc size. finite element method applied to solve velocity and pressure fields, PBE size distribution computed obtain effective volume fraction flocs. Krieger-Dougherty used evaluate viscosity suspension flocs fraction. numerical simula...