The classical bacteria that cause venereal diseases, e.g. gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid and inguinal granuloma only account for a small proportion of all known STDs today. Other bacteria and viruses as well as yeasts, protozoa and epizoa must also be regarded as causative organisms of STD. Taken together, all sexually transmitted infections (STI) comprise more than 30 relevant STD pathogens. H...

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are mainly transmitted from person-to-person through sexual contact[1]. Almost 30 types of causative bacteria, viruses and parasites have been isolated, which are responsible for multiple sexually transmissible diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, trichomoniasis, chancroid, genital herpes, human immunodeficiency v...

Genital Ulcer Diseases are defined as ulcerative, erosive, pustular or vesicular genital lesion(s), with or without regional lymphadenopathy, caused by a number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and non–STI-related conditions (PHAC, 2013). The etiology of GUD varies globally and temporally. For most young, sexually active patients with GUD, etiology is related to an STI. The annual glob...

Haemophilus ducreyi is the causative agent of chancroid, a sexually transmitted ulcerative disease. In the present study, the Neisseria gonorrhoeae lgtA lipooligosaccharide glycosyltransferase gene was used to identify a homologue in the genome of H. ducreyi. The putative H. ducreyi glycosyltransferase gene (designated lgtA) was cloned and insertionally inactivated, and an isogenic mutant was c...

Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP contains a homolog of the CpxRA 2-component signal transduction system, which controls the cell envelope stress response system in other gram-negative bacteria and regulates some important H. ducreyi virulence factors. A H. ducreyi cpxR mutant was compared with its parent for virulence in the human challenge model of experimental chancroid. The pustule formation rate...

However, in many infections the effect on the lymphatics may be both consistent and clinically marked. The lymphadenopathy may be local or generalized and lymphadenopathy is or can be a significant feature of acute HIV infection, primary Herpes simplex, some rickettsial infections, tularaemia, plague, cat-scratch fever due to Bartonella henselae, primary syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum, chan...