In this article we are particularly interested in packing objects defined by complex shapes encountered in logistics using Constraint Programming, Metaheuristics and non-linear inequalities.

The first and major entry point of electrons into the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) 1 occurs through NADH-coenzyme Q reduc-tase (complex I). Decreased complex I activity is associated with a wide range of conditions, including inherited mitochondrial diseases and neu-rodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson disease (1–2). More than 60 natural and commercial compounds are reported to ...

We have developed a steady state theory of complex transport networks used to model the flow of commodity, information, viruses, opinions, or traffic. Our approach is based on the use of the Markov chains defined on the graph representations of transport networks allowing for the effective network design, network performance evaluation, embedding, partitioning, and network fault tolerance analy...

A great part of the interest in complex networks has been motivated by the presence of structured, frequently nonuniform, connectivity. Because diverse connectivity patterns tend to result in distinct network dynamics, and also because they provide the means to identify and classify several types of complex network, it becomes important to obtain meaningful measurements of the local network top...

By combining thermostimulated current and dynamic dielectric spectroscopies, the dielectric properties characteristic of the molecular mobility can be described over a very broad frequency range. The study of dielectric relaxations of phosphorus-containing dendrimers in the sub-glass transition region, and of poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) at and above the glass transition region allows us to gain...

We explicitly compute the 2-group of self-equivalences and (homotopy classes of) chain homotopies between them for any split chain complex A• in an arbitrary K-linear abelian category (K any commutative ring with unit). In particular, it is shown that it is a split 2-group whose equivalence class depends only on the homology of A•, and that it is equivalent to the trivial 2-group when A• is a s...

Mitochondrial complex I is the largest integral membrane enzyme of the respiratory chain and consists of 44 different subunits encoded in the mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Its biosynthesis is a highly complicated and multifaceted process involving at least 14 additional assembly factors. How these subunits assemble into a functional complex I and where the assembly factors come into play is...

Protein side-chain packing is a critical component in obtaining the 3D coordinates of a structure and drug discovery. Single-domain protein side-chain packing has been thoroughly studied. For instance, our efficient tree decomposition algorithm TreePack has been re-implemented in SCWRL, the widely-used side-chain packing program, for monomer side-chain packing. A major challenge in generalizing...

OBJECTIVES Isolated complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency is one of the most frequent respiratory chain defects in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) and usually occurs together with severe pediatric or rarely adult multisystem disease. Here we report an adult with isolated complex IV deficiency with unusually mild clinical manifestations. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old man had developed genera...