The Arctic soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is important but poorly defined. The most cited pool size estimates are based on one study that uses 48 North American soils of which only 5 are actually in the Arctic. Three of these 5 are in the colder high arctic not representative of soils across Arctic North America. Soil map-based pool estimates rely on subarctic soils to project the Arctic. In al...

Permafrost (ground that keeps frozen at or below 0°C for two more consecutive years; Subcommittee, 1988) covers about 2.3 × 107 km2, accounting 16% of the global land area (Zhang et al., 2008). In Northern Hemisphere, permafrost is primarily found high-latitude region, example Alaska and Siberia, in high-altitude areas, Tibetan Plateau (Obu 2019). these regions, microbial decomposition limited ...

The long arm of laminin, which binds heparin and cells, consists of three polypeptides (A, B1, and B2) joined in a coiled-coil rod attached to a terminal A chain globule (G). Previously, we found that recombinant globular domain (rG) supported heparin and myoblast binding (Yurchenco, P. D., U. Sung, M. D. Ward, Y. Yamada, and J. J. O'Rear. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:8356-8365). To further analyze...

The adenylate cyclase hemolysin toxin (ACT) is one of the main virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis. It was discovered in 1973 by Wolff and Cook as a contaminant in vaccine formulations against this microorganism. It belongs to the family of toxins that form pores at the plasma membrane of target cells and reaches the highest expression during the virulent phase of the bacteria. This toxin...