introduction: increasing of food-related diseases has led to the perception of diet importance. plant-derived products (especially tea) as important sources of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds play a major role in reducing food pathogens. in this study, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of four tea extracts including green tea, white, black and red teas were ...

context ginger is the rhizome of zingiber officinale, a perennial plant, used alone or in compounds as a spice or remedy in ancient recipes of iranian traditional medicine (itm) as an effective tonic for the memory and digestive system, the opener of hepatic obstructions, aphrodisiac, for expelling compact wind from stomach and intestines, diluting, desiccating and emollient of phlegmatic and c...

Plants are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the environment and, as a result, have evolved intricate mechanisms to recognize and defend themselves against potential pathogens. One of these responses is the downregulation of photosynthesis and other processes associated with primary metabolism that are essential for plant growth. It has been suggested that the energy saved by downregulati...

A number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain why invasive exotic plants dramatically increase their abundance upon transport to a new range. The novel weapons hypothesis argues that phytotoxins secreted by roots of an exotic plant are more effective against naïve resident competitors in the range being invaded. The common reed Phragmites australis has a diverse population structure inc...

Plants exist in a world filled with microorganism. They continue to grow in the same location throughout the growing season or for many years, as in the case of perennial plants. Their surfaces are constantly exposed to bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and possibly parasitic plants. They may be inoculated with viruses during feeding by insects or by other vectors. Plant pathogens have made many adap...

Interactions between aboveground and belowground biota have the potential to modify ecosystem responses to climate change, yet little is known about how drought influences plant-soil feedbacks with respect to microbial mediation of plant community dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that drought modifies plant-soil feedback with consequences for plant competition. We measured net pairwise plant-...