The reappearance of circulating wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV 1) in Tajikistan is the first outbreak from imported wild poliovirus since the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region was declared polio-free in 2002. The risk of poliomyelitis importation to the European Union and European Economic Area countries has probably not increased, but the current outbreak is a reminder that high vac...

human trafficking is one form of organized crime with 7 to 10 billion dollars profit next to drug and weapon trades. former soviet republics and eastern europe have become the newest sources of human trafficking, for europe and north america for the purpose of sexual exploitation .this article is a result in causes of human trafficking in central asian republic of the former soviet :union:.

As a result of recent developments, global economic centre of gravity has slide to Asia-Pacific region. It is predicted that Asia-Pacific countries will take place at the first row in global trade and nearly a half of the total trade will intensify in this region at the year 2030. On the other hand, the region covers countries from different levels of development. These features of the region p...

Abstract Human mobility impacts the global climate and in turn human mobility. Fuel-based transport emits CO 2 electric raises issue of electricity production its environmental impacts. Conversely, roads, railways, vehicles ways travelling can be impacted by extreme events, such as floods, storms, thawing permafrost melting asphalt. This second aspect relationship between change is rarely explo...

Issyk-Kul virus (ISKV) is an ungrouped virus tentatively assigned to the Bunyaviridae family and is associated with an acute febrile illness in several central Asian countries. Using next-generation sequencing technologies, we report here the full-genome sequence for this novel unclassified arboviral pathogen circulating in central Asia.

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) was known throughout Eurasia in the second millennium BC in regions with warm, moist summers, where its cultivation reduced agricultural risk. Its cultivation during the warm, but dry months at Kyzyltepa and other Iron Age sites in western Central Asia was probably made possible through irrigation practices that were long known and originally developed in th...

turkey as a country located between the main energy resources and the european :union: can play the role of a natural bridge in energy transportation. the eu countries have always tried to find some alternative routes for russian energy pipelines and turkey could be one of the best options. although turkey is poor in oil and natural gas resources, however, this country can play a strategic role...

neoliberal approach with the aim to promote development in different countries has particular implications. it can be cited as monetary and financial system reform, privatization, elimination of barriers to trade and foreign investment. hence, from the beginning of the post-soviet, central asian countries adopted different approaches towards economic reform and moved towards a free market with ...

Central Asia consists of the five former Soviet States Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, therefore comprising an area of ~4 Mio km2. The continental climate is characterized by hot and dry summer months and cold winter seasons with most precipitation occurring as snowfall. Accordingly, freshwater supply is strongly depending on the amount of accumulated snow as w...