Since the 1960s membrane-bound enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been utilized in drug delivery. As it cleaves phosphate substructures from drugs, auxiliary agents, and even surface of nanocarriers, this enables design delivery systems that can alter their properties body on demand. Anionic nanocarriers exhibiting bioinert to interactive once having reached target site as due an ALP-trigger...

Introduction: Synaptosomes are sealed particles that contain mitochondria, cytoskeleton and vesicles which are necessary to synaptic events like neurotransmitter release and uptake in the nervous system. However, the effect of high and low temperatures on synaptosome membrane integrity and function during a time course after its extraction is less known. The purpose of this study was to assess ...

Background and Aims: Coated nanoparticles have different surface chemistry, aggregation, and interaction properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles AgNPs coated with different proteins on Balb/c macrophages. Materials and Methods: In this study these items were evaluated: 1) the size of aggregation, 2) the quantity and mechanisms of uptake, ...

Parallel Cellular Automata (PCA) previously has been employed for optimizing bi-objective reservoir operation, where one release is used to meet both objectives. However, if a single release can only be used for one objective, meaning two separate sets of releases are needed, the method is not applicable anymore. In this paper, Multi-Step Parallel Cellular Automata (MSPCA) has been developed fo...

In the last step of desolvation method for preparation of albumin nanoparticles, glutaraldehyde (GA) is added to stabilize the newly formed nanoparticles. Due to undesirable effects of GA, the objective of this study was to evaluate alternative methods of crosslinking including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, adding of glucose and combination of both methods. The nanoparticles were prepared by de...

In this study, we designed and fabricated self-assembly nanospheres, which consisted of a P45 peptide and doxorubicin (Dox). P45 is a hybrid peptide composed of an Arg-Gly-Asp motif linked to the human matrilin-1 C-terminal domain by a serine linker. The fabricated nanospheres had a uniform mulberry-like spherical shape, a diameter of 63 nm, excellent polydispersity, and high Dox drug-loading e...

Nanotherapeutic strategy is well recognized as the therapeutic approach of the future. Numerous reports have demonstrated the use of nanoparticulate drug carriers for the development of targeted nanotherapeutics by, for instance, incorporation of a moiety that specifically targets certain diseased cells. However, systematic investigation of this aspect has been inadequate, especially with regar...

It is generally assumed that polymeric micelles, upon administration into the blood stream, carry drug molecules until they are taken up into cells followed by intracellular release. The current work revisits this conventional wisdom. The study using dual-labeled micelles containing fluorescently labeled copolymers and hydrophobic fluorescent probes entrapped in the polymeric micelle core showe...