Recently we have demonstrated how to use partner symmetries for obtaining noninvariant solutions of heavenly equations of Plebañski that govern heavenly gravitational metrics. In this paper, we present a class of scalar second-order PDEs with four variables, that possess partner symmetries and contain only second derivatives of the unknown. We present recursion relations for symmetries for thes...

Epigenetic dysfunction is a known contributor in carcinogenesis, and is emerging as a mechanism involved in toxicant-induced malignant transformation for environmental carcinogens such as arsenicals or cadmium. In addition to aberrant DNA methylation of single genes, another manifestation of epigenetic dysfunction in cancer is agglomerative DNA methylation, which can participate in long-range e...

In 1928, a pathologist at Bellevue Hospital in New York City named Maurice Richter performed an autopsy on a 46-year-old man. The patient had a 2-month history of abdominal pain and weight loss and was admitted to the hospital, where he died. He was found to have lymphatic leukemia and reticulum cell sarcoma.[1] In 1964, the term “Richter's syndrome” (or “Richter's transformation”) was introduc...

We identified the IIIb C2 epithelial cell-specific splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2 IIIb C2) receptor tyrosine kinase in a screen for activated oncogenes expressed in T-47D human breast carcinoma cells. We found FGFR2 IIIb C2 expression in breast carcinoma cell lines and, additionally, expression of the mesenchymal-specific FGFR2 IIIc splice variant in invasive breas...

statement of the problem: lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease that is relatively common in middle aged individuals. some studies have shown that oral lichen planus has a potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma.p21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the cell cycle, thus it acts as an inhibitor in cell proliferation. purpose: this study was aimed to evaluate and c...

Richter transformation is defined as a diffuse large cell lymphoma, occurring by transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We present a 64-year-old man with a history of CLL and a left parieto-occipital transtentorial extra-axial mass. The patient underwent CT and MR imaging, demonstrating a large dural-based mass with extracranial extension, which occluded the left transverse sinus...

background: although the imbalance of cytokines in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. objective: to determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. methods: seventeen newly diagnosed, untre...

many types of cancers develop in the oral and maxillofacial region. squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer and constitutes over 90 percent of these tumors. malignant transformation is a genetic process, which later makes a phenotyping change at the cellular level. some cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinomas (osccs) develop from pre-malignant lesions and conditions. despite adv...

although aplastic anemia (aa) and myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) are separate entities with different management, distinction between the two can be difficult on morphological basis due to hypocellularity of bone marrow. mds is one of the serious complications of aa. karyotyping is definitive in the diagnosis of mds. better and robust investigations like 18f-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emissi...