Article history: Received 26 September 2010 Received in revised form 5 April 2011 Accepted 7 April 2011 Available online 2 May 2011 The construction industry in countries experiencing severe economic crisis has vital importance to get out of stagnation because of its direct relations with 200 different sectors. In this study, the relationship between the construction growth data (infrastructure...

This paper investigates the direction of causal link between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth measured in GDP in nineteen developing countries of SouthEast Asia and Latin America using Cointegration technique, Granger causality test and Error Correction Model (ECM). This paper finds that five countries in Latin America and one country in East and South East Asia have long run...

We study holographic implications of Lovelock gravities in AdS spacetimes. For a generic Lovelock gravity in arbitrary spacetime dimensions we formulate the existence condition of asymptotically AdS black holes. We consider small fluctuations around these black holes and determine the constraint on Lovelock parameters by demanding causality of the boundary theory. For the case of cubic Lovelock...

We present a framework for property testing where a partially ordered execution trace of a distributed system is modeled by a collection of communicating automata. We prove that the model exactly characterizes the causality relation between the events in the observed trace. We present the implementation of this approach in SDL, where ObjectGEODE is used to verify properties, and illustrate the ...

Cosmological tensor perturbations equations are derived for Hamiltonian cosmology based on Ashtekar’s formulation of general relativity, including typical quantum gravity effects in the Hamiltonian constraint as they are expected from loop quantum gravity. This translates to corrections of the dispersion relation for gravitational waves. The main application here is the preservation of causalit...

A new technique for the efficient asynchronous discrete eventdriven simulation of parallel shared-memory computers is proposed. Our execution-driven methodology, while introducing minimal synchronization overhead to maintain a coherent distributed event causality relation, allows complete virtualization of the design at all levels and therefore is very flexible. We give a detailed description o...

Causality and probability in the sciences Towards the end of the nineteenth century Karl Pearson noted that a prob-abilistic dependence between two variables does not necessarily imply that the two variables are causally connected (Pearson, 1897). This led Pearson, in the third (1911) edition of his book Pearson (1892), to argue that talk of cause and effect should be eradicated from science in...

Cutaneous drug reactions make up the largest proportion of adverse events in the medical field. Causality, in particular, is difficult to determine, and therefore, preventing recurrent reactions can be challenging. Bendamustine was initially thought to be a well-tolerated chemotherapy agent with few side effects aside from bone marrow suppression. However, the incidence of cutaneous reactions r...

The aims of this study is to evaluate information technology (IT) governance implementation using the COBiTs’ maturity model, investigate the perceived Security Threats that face these companies and measures the causality between them. An Empirical Survey using self-administered questionnaire has been carried out to achieve the study objectives. The study results reveal that Jordanian industria...