In order to understand the unique solvation and conduction properties of ionic liquids (ILs), we explore their interionic associations modulated by hydration level and ionic medium. Pulsed-field-gradient NMR allows sensitive measurement of separate cation and anion diffusion coefficients, which combine to reflect ionic aggregation. With increasing hydration of ILs, the anomalous ratio of cation...

The title mol-ecular salt, C5H12NO(+)·C12H8N5O9 (-) [common name: 4-methyl-morpholin-4-ium 1,3-dimethyl-5-(2,4,6-tri-nitro-phen-yl)barbiturate], possesses noticeable anti-convulsant and hypnotic activity. In the anion, the 1,3-di-methyl-barbituric acid ring and the symmetrically substituted tri-nitro-phenyl ring, linked via a C-C bond, are not coplanar but subtend an angle of 44.88 (7)°. The si...

In the structure of the 1:1 proton-transfer compound of 1,10-phenanthroline with 4,5-dichloro-phthalic acid, C(12)H(9)N(2) (+)·C(8)H(3)Cl(2)O(4) (-), determined at 130 K, the 1,10-phenanthrolinium cation and the hydrogen 4,5-dichloro-phthalate anion associate through a single N-H⋯O(carbox-yl) hydrogen bond giving discrete units which have no extension except through a number of weak cation C-H⋯...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that tribotronic control of friction using an external potential applied to a gold surface is possible for ionic liquid (IL) concentrations as low as 5 mol% in hexadecane. The IL used is trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate, in which both the cation and anion have surfactant-like structures, and is miscible with hexadecane i...

A procedure to determine the exchanger-phase composition (and thus the Na/Ca selectivity) of calcareous and gypsiferous soils was developed and tested on three soils and three phyllosilicate minerals. The procedure corrects for anion exclusion and mineral weathering by measuring the Cl, SO,,, and HCO3 in the soil solution and in the extracting solution. Anion exclusion was found to be significa...

It has been shown in the previous publications’ that the eriect of neutral salts on gelatin is repressed in the presence of the salt and that we can study such effects with any profit only when the excess of salt is washed away after it has had a chance to act on the protein. Such gelatin reveals qualities which are masked in the presence of the salt and which allow us to gain a clear insight i...

Potassium ion and Na(+) influx and efflux rates into and from excised barley roots are compared with the maximum capacity of accumulation. Potassium ion and Na(+) influx and efflux involve a cation exchange that is independent of simultaneous exchange of the accompanying anion. These exchange fluxes depend on the concentration and cation composition of the solutions from which they originate. S...

We report the characterization of multifunctional rigid-rod beta-barrel ion channels with either internal aspartates or arginine-histidine dyads by planar bilayer conductance experiments. Barrels with internal aspartates form cation selective, large, unstable and ohmic barrel-stave (rather than toroidal) pores; addition of magnesium cations nearly deletes cation selectivity and increases single...

A multivalent Sb-related cation (Sb(+3) ⇔ Sb(+5)) and S-related anion (S(−2) S(0)) mixed redox Sb 2 S 3 cathode breaks the capacity limit of conventional metal sulfides enables high-capacity aluminum-ion batteries.

In the crystal of the title mol-ecular salt, C(8)H(6)F(3)N(2) (+)·HSO(4) (-), cation-to-anion N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate [100] chains. Anion-to-anion O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate [001] helices and cross-link the chains into a three-dimensional network.