Recent studies have shown that robust affective priming effects can be obtained when participants are required to categorize the targets on the basis of their valence, but not when participants are asked to categorize the targets on the basis of nonaffective features. On the basis of this pattern of results, it has been argued that affective priming is due to processes that operate at a respons...

In studies of infant categorization (especially sequential touching), replicas of real objects are often utilized on the assumption that infants treat replicas as they do reals. Do infants categorize replicas of objects in the same way as they categorize real objects? This question was addressed in a sequential touching task, where 14- and 18-month-olds were presented with four sets of objects:...

We explore the connections between machine learning and human learning in one form of semi-supervised classification. 22 human subjects completed a novel 2class categorization task in which they were first taught to categorize a single labeled example from each category, and subsequently were asked to categorize, without feedback, a large set of additional items. Stimuli were visually complex a...

Growing evidence indicates that error-driven associative learning underlies the ability of nonhuman animals to categorize natural images. This study explored whether this form of learning might also be at play when people categorize natural objects in photographs. Two groups of college students (a blocking group and a control group) were trained on a categorization task and then tested with nov...

We report an investigation of novices' ability to categorize probability word problems. Individuals can effectively learn from worked examples (Ward & Sweller, 1990), especially if multiple examples with the same structural features are presented (Gick & Holyoak, 1983). We were interested in whether the order of worked examples could affect a learner's ability to categorize new problems. Partic...

Previous research shows that groupware increases the exchange of information for groups, but that the additional comments do not necessarily lead to better decisions. Lack of individual information processing and information overload have been noted as probable causes. Poor attention to information and poor integration of information may cause lack of information processing. Therefore, this stu...

Social-categorical knowledge is partially grounded in proprioception. In Study 1, participants describing "hard" and "soft" politicians, and "hard" and "soft" scientists used different "hard" and "soft" traits for the two groups, suggesting that the meaning of these traits is context specific. Studies 2 to 4 showed that both meanings were supported by hard and soft proprioception. Consistent wi...

The categorization of places in indoor environments is an important capability for service robots working and interacting with humans. In this paper we present a method to categorize different areas in indoor environments using a mobile robot equipped with a Kinect camera. Our approach transforms depth and grey scale images taken at each place into histograms of local binary patterns (LBPs) who...

Unauthorized access to information systems (hacking) continues to plague businesses. Researchers have sought to characterize the motivation and “profile” of various types of hackers in an attempt to better understand their behavior and improve the defensive posture of businesses. Little research, however, has been conducted toward the development of a predictive model to categorize individuals ...

The identification of the gender of an unfamiliar talker is an easy and automatic process for naïve adult listeners. Sociolinguistic research has consistently revealed gender differences in the production of linguistic variables. Research on the perception of dialect variation, however, has been limited almost exclusively to male talkers. In the present study, naïve participants were asked to c...