We introduce perfect effect algebras and we show that every perfect algebra is an interval in the lexicographical product of the group of all integers with an Abelian directed interpolation po-group. To show this we introduce prime ideals of effect algebras with the Riesz decomposition property (RDP). We show that the category of perfect effect algebras is categorically equivalent to the catego...

A characterization result for behaviorally deenable classes of hidden algebras shows that a class of hidden algebras is behaviorally deenable by equations if and only if it is closed under coproducts, quotients, morphisms and representative inclusions. The second part of the paper categorically generalizes this result to a framework of any category with coproducts, a nal object and an inclusion...

Struts is currently a prevalent Web application development framework based on MVC. It has prominence in the open, large and extensible J2EE-based Web application development. Through combining the actual operation process of E-commerce enterprise with the developed requirement, this paper categorically analyses MVC actual implementation technology, analyses and describes the Struts framework. ...

Painful ophthalmoplegia due to idiopathic granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus/superior orbital fissure has been termed Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS). This report is based upon 146 patients with this syndrome published in the English literature. The clinical profile, natural history, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic findings, differential diagnosis, and therapy of THS are presented. ...

Informal vague causal diagrams (VCDs) are a common technique for illustrating and sharing expert intuitions. Normally, VCDs are viewed as precursors to other modelling techniques which necessitates further knowledge acquisition. Here we explore what semantics can be granted to VCDs, without having to request more information from the expert(s) or the domain. The impreciseness of VCDs typically ...

1 This rule uses the term ‘‘disability’’ to refer to what the Fair Housing Act and its implementing regulations refer to as ‘‘handicap.’’ Both terms have the same legal meaning. See Bragdon v. Abbott, 524 U.S. 624, 631 (1998). The Agency has determined under 21 CFR 25.33(a) that this action is categorically excluded from the requirement to submit an environmental assessment or an environmental ...

It has been well argued that correlation does not imply causation. Is the converse true: does non-correlation imply non-causation, or more plainly, does causation imply correlation? Here we argue that this is a useful intuition of the semantic essence of the faithfulness assumption of causal graphs. Although the statement is intuitively reasonable, it is not categorically true (but it is true w...

This paper reflects on the limits of logical form set by a novel criterion logicality proposed in (Bonnay and Speitel, 2021). The interest stems from fact that delineation terms according to exceeds boundaries standard first-order logic. Among ‘novel’ is quantifier “there are infinitely many”. Since structure natural numbers categorically characterisable language including this we ask: does imp...

We present a recurrent multimodal model of binding written words to mental objects and investigate the capability of the network in reading misspelt but categorically related words. Our model consists of three mutually interconnected association modules which store mental objects, represent their written names and bind these together to form mental concepts. A feedback gain controlling top-down...

Melanin is a ubiquitous biological pigment found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. It has a diverse range of ecological and biochemical functions, including display, evasion, photoprotection, detoxification, and metal scavenging. To date, evidence of melanin in fossil organisms has relied entirely on indirect morphological and chemical analyses. Here, we apply direct chemical techniques ...