The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is an essential element of the electrodes in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The GDL makes electrical contact with the catalyst layers to provide a larger area to carry the electronic current from the catalyst to the bipolar plates reducing the resistance for current flow. The GDL must be porous to permit the flow of reactant gas from the gas flow ch...

Supported olefin polymerization catalysts can prevent reactor-fouling problems and produce uniform polymer particles. Constrained geometry complexes (CGCs) have less sterically hindered active sites than bis-cyclopentadienyl metallocene catalysts. In the literature, micrometer-sized silica particles were used for supporting CGC catalysts, which might have strong mass transfer limitations. This ...

here, we have synthesized vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (va-cnts), using chemical vapor deposition (cvd) method. cobalt and ethanol are used as the catalyst and the carbon source, respectively. the effects of ethanol flow rate, thickness of co catalyst film, and growth time on the properties of the carbon nanotube growth are investigated. the results show that the flow rate of ethanol and...

Chlorine is found to be a suitable element for the modification of polymeric carbon nitride properties towards an efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. In this study, chlorine-doped (Cl-PCN) has been examined as photocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction. The following aspects were enhance efficiency Cl-PCN: (i) unique location Cl atoms at interlayers PCN instead on its π-conjugate...

an efficient and chemoselective procedure for the preparation of 1, 1-diacatates (acylals) from various aldehydes with acetic anhydride in the presence of brønsted acidic ionic liquid [msei]cl as a reusable catalytic system under solvent-free condition at room temperature and short periods of times with excellent yields will be described. the catalyst was easily separated in simple work-up and ...

A thin liquid layer covers the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates. Active ion transport processes via the pulmonary epithelial cells regulate the maintenance of this layer. This study focuses on basolateral Cl(-) uptake mechanisms in native lungs of Xenopus laevis and the involvement of the Na(+)/K(+)/2 Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) and HCO(3)(-)/Cl(-) anion exchanger (AE), in particular. Western ...

The Nδ,Nε-dimethylated histidinium salt (His*) was tethered to oligopeptides and metallated to form Ir(III) and Rh(I) NHC complexes. Peptide-based histidylidene complexes containing only alanine, Ala-Ala-His*-[M] and Ala-Ala-Ala-His*-[M] were synthesised ([M] = Rh(cod)Cl, Ir(Cp*)Cl2), as well as oligopeptide complexes featuring a potentially chelating methionine and tyrosine residue, Met-Ala-Al...

In the title mol-ecular salt, C(9)H(14)NOS(+)·Cl(-), the crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯π inter-actions, which lead to the formation of a two-dimensional supra-molecular layer which stacks along the b axis.

In the cation of the title salt, C(11)H(12)IN(4) (+)·Cl(-), the two aromatic rings are oriented to each other at 9.3 (2)°. In the crystal, the two independent Cl(-) anions lie on twofold rotation axes. N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds between the cations and anions generate a supra-molecular layer parallel to (010).