The new ball-type metallo bisphthalocyanines (Co(2)Pc(2) and Zn(2)Pc(2)) were synthesized from the corresponding [4,4'-bis(dicoumaroylphthalonitrile)] which can be obtained from the reaction of 3,3'-methylenebis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and (1)H...

This paper argues that innovation can be best understood as an information process which is then concretized as a product that meets demand. Two very different firms, Canon Inc. and Apple Computer Inc., are used as case study illustrations. Innovation does not proceed through logical deduction, but rather is furthered by the use of metaphors and analogies. The bureaucratic and staid structures ...

The observation of Manchot? that sodium pentacyano-ammineferroate2 I absorbs oxygen has led Baudisch and his coworkers3 to study the catalytic action of this salt, as well as of its water analogue II, in the oxidation of pyrimidines and purines. The present authors have previously reported in this journal4 on the nature of the oxidation products obtained. In the present paper the problem is con...

Pt-Pd catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (N-CNF) was prepared and evaluated as a cathode electrode of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The N-CNF, which was directly synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition from acetonitrile at 640 °C, was verified as having a change of electrochemical surface properties such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities and...

Our group recently reproduced the water-assisted growth method, so-called "SuperGrowth", of millimeter-thick single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests by using C2H4/H2/H2O/Ar reactant gas and Fe/Al2O3, catalyst. In this current work, a parametric study was carried out on both reaction and catalyst conditions. Results revealed that a thin Fe catalyst layer (about 0.5 nm) yielded rapid growth ...

Gas diffusion layers are essential components of proton exchange membrane fuel cell since the reactants should pass through these layers. Mass transport in these layers is highly dependent on porosity. Many of simulations have assumed, for simplicity, the porosity of GDL is constant, but in practice, there is a considerable variation in porosity along gas diffusion layers. In the present study ...

In this work, we present as investigation of chalcopyrite leaching under different leach conditions for how liquidation and surface of chalcopyrite study using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the composition of the passivation layer in the surface of chalcopyrite. The study of chalcopyrite dissolution were in H2SO4 solution systems at pH of 1.2, with 5% chalcopyrite concentrate ...

Thin films of SnO2 nanowires were successfully prepared by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on quartz substrates. Afterwards, a thin  layer of palladium (Pd) as a catalyst was coated on top of nanowires. For the deposition of Pd, a simple and low cost technique of spray pyrolysis was employed, which caused an intensive enhancement on the sensing response of fabricated sensors...