In this paper‎, ‎we give the notions of crossed polymodule and cat$^1$-polygroup‎ ‎as a generalization of Loday's definition‎. ‎Then‎, ‎we define the pullback cat$^1$-polygroup and we obtain some results in this respect‎. ‎Specially‎, ‎we prove that by a pullback cat$^1$-polygroup we can obtain a cat$^1$-group‎.

BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies report pet exposure to be associated with lower risk of asthma and allergies. This 'protective pet effect' has been suggested to result from a modified T-helper (Th)2-cell response, or because of increased microbial load in homes where pets are kept. We examined the associations between pet contact and the occurrence of asthma and allergies in children...

A 2-day REX Workshop on “Trends in herring populations and trophodynamics” was convened prior to the Ninth Annual Meeting in Hakodate, Japan (October 20-21, 2000). Papers were presented by 8 speakers from among 25-30 participants. At the workshop, we learned that there are long time series (80+ years) of data for herring populations related to catch, size-at-age, length and weight, spawning tim...

The marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata is a poorly known wild cat that has a broad distribution across much of the Indomalayan ecorealm. This felid is thought to exist at low population densities throughout its range, yet no estimates of its abundance exist, hampering assessment of its conservation status. To investigate the distribution and abundance of marbled cats we conducted intensive, felid...

Domestic cats have a unique breeding history and can be used as models for human hereditary and infectious diseases. In the current era of genome-wide association studies, insights regarding linkage disequilibrium (LD) are essential for efficient association studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the extent of LD in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus, particularly within i...

133 I In nt te er rn na at ti io on na al l J Jo ou ur rn na al l o of f M Me ed di ic ca al l S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s Human toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses worldwide. As for other zoonoses, veterinarians play an important role in the education of the human population regarding the risk of infection. Knowledge of the parasite's biological charateristics, life cycle a...

introduction: open-apex teeth with irreversible pulpitis require complex and difficult treatment. providing the right environment for apexogenesis and pulp protection is vital for their long term prognosis. the young pulp of open apex tooth, however, is better equipped against irritation and assault. the aim of this study was to evaluate pulp inflammation in open apex canine teeth of cats. mate...

enhancement of antioxidant capacity of plants by natural antioxidants obtained from medicinal plants can be a simple way to produce stress tolerant plants. zataria multiflora essential oil (zo) is one of the useful antioxidants with potent antioxidant activity. zo is insoluble in water and can be degraded by light, oxygen, and high temperature. incorporation of zo into poly vinyl alcohol (pva) ...

background : the visceral larva migrans (vlm) is a syndrome observed in human infection with helminth larval eggs such as the toxocara spp. that usually infects dogs and cats. among the risk factors involved in the occurrence of vlm, partic­ularly importance of these animal populations, an investigation was carried out for the presence of toxocara spp. eggs in public parks in the city of urmia,...