I present a theory of the optimal capital structure and dividend policy for family business groups expanding in countries where the private control benefit is substantial and the market for corporate control is active. Here, issuing debt overcomes the limited dilution capacity of equity, but reduces the expected control benefit by increasing the probability of default. When family business grou...

Here we. There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not sufficient. Here we.Electronic cash. It can be traded for goods or.Electronic cash e-cash instruments allow digital payment for goods and ser. properties of e cash pdf There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not problemas de escritura pdf sufficient.Dec 27, 1997. Electronic coins possess similar p...

Abstract: Consumer technology adoption has long been a research topic in Marketing and Economics. One interesting stylized fact is that usage of new technologies by the elderly is consistently much lower than that by other age groups. Previous literature tries to rationalize this fact by arguing that the elderly have negative attitudes toward new technologies, or it is relatively more difficult...

Stock Liquidity and Corporate Cash Holdings: Feedback and the Cash as Ammunition Hypothesis We advance the feedback/cash as ammunition hypothesis, namely that firms hold cash to address feedback from stock prices to cash flows and growth opportunities. Firms with more liquid stocks are expected to hold more cash, the opposite of the prediction from a standard information asymmetry perspective o...

In this study, the effect of management entrenchments on the speed of cash holding adjustment in Iran has been investigated. After designing the management entrenchment evaluation indicators, the transaction information was collected from the Stock Exchange in the five-year period of 2011-2015. The statistical sample consists of 155 companies selected by systematic deletion method. In this rese...

Constant pressure to increase return on assets has firms seeking ways to reduce their working capital costs. In the cash management area, firms are employing more sophisticated collection and disbursement systems. Cash management systems today efficiently speed up collections and, at the end of the day, sweep excess balances into money market accounts. Cash managers focus on finding the optimal...

translation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary arabic literature.this phenomenon in contemporary western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is  due to communication and connection with the arab literature and  west.            contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools divan court are external factors affecting research. but the important...

BACKGROUND Complementary health insurance is increasingly used to remedy the limitations and shortcomings of the basic health insurance benefit packages. Hence, it is essential to gather reliable information about the amount of Willingness to Pay (WTP) for health insurance. We assessed the WTP for health insurance in Iran in order to suggest an affordable complementary health insurance. METHO...

An earlier study of Federal civil-service annuitants.’ based on a IO-percent sample. showed that more than 4 out of 10 of the nearly 1 million annuitants on the rolls in December 1975 were alsn receiving cash benefits under the old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance (OASDHI) program. Most of these “dual beneficiaries” were “primary beneficiaries”-that is. they were entitled to soc...

Socml security checks dellwred to benefiaanes m the first week of July 1977 reflected the thwd automatic cost-of-hvmg nxrease m cash benefits under legulatlon enacted m 1972 and 1973 The 5 Q-percent merease, which became effectwe m June, apphed to benefits for all persons on the social security benefit rolls at the end of May, except those recelvlng benefits under the “special mnunum” PIA provw...