Given the current demographic trends and future growth projections, as much as 60% of the global population may suffer water scarcity by the year 2025 [9]. In addition to water scarcity, water quality deterioration is expected to intensify in resourcepoor countries in dry areas, due to human activity and climate change. It is projected that water scarce countries will have to increasingly rely ...

The occurrence, concentrations, patterns, and loads of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in treated wastewater collected at the outlets from 14 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs), divided into three size categories. The analysis also considered the effect of wastewater outflow on the final conc...

In the wake of the ongoing 2014/2015 Ebola virus outbreak, significant questions regarding the appropriate handling of Ebola virus-contaminated liquid waste remain, including the persistence of Ebola virus in wastewater. To address these uncertainties, we evaluated the persistence of Ebola virus spiked in sterilized domestic sewage. The viral titer decreased approximately 99% within the first t...

Microalgae can be used for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The application of microalgal biofilms in wastewater treatment systems seems attractive, being able to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and COD from wastewater at a short hydraulic retention time. This study therefore investigates the area requirement, achieved effluent concentrations and biomass production of a hypothetical large-sca...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been used to produce electricity from different compounds, including acetate, lactate, and glucose. We demonstrate here that it is also possible to produce electricity in a MFC from domestic wastewater, while atthe same time accomplishing biological wastewater treatment (removal of chemical oxygen demand; COD). Tests were conducted using a single chamber microbi...

Exploiting microalgae as feedstock for biofuel production is a growing field of research and application, but there remain challenges related to industrial viability and economic sustainability. A solution to the water requirements of industrial-scale production is the use of wastewater as a growth medium. Considering the variable quality and contaminant loads of wastewater, algal feedstock wou...

Wastewaters from three different sources, private residence (domestic), medical clinic (institutional) and polymer industry (industrial) were characterised for their pollution potentials. The results of analysis show pH of 7.6, 6.5 and 6.3 for domestic, institutional and industrial wastewater, respectively. The DO, BOD and COD was found to be 4.01, 66 and 114 mg/l for the domestic wastewater, 3...

This paper shows the real situation about management of water and wastewater in Lebanon and focuses on problems related to urban water pollution released in environment. Water and wastewater infrastructures have been rebuilt since 1992. However, wastewater management still remains one of the greatest challenges facing Lebanese people, since water supply projects have been given priority over wa...

Anaerobic filters (AFs) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors are finding wide-scale acceptance for treating various types of wastewater. They are frequently used for medium to high strength wastewater (2,000 to 20,000 mg/L COD), but have fewer applications to low strength wastewater (< 1,000 mg/L COD). In order to understand the applicability of anaerobic treatment for low streng...

The effectiveness of UV and chlorination, used individually and sequentially, was investigated in killing pathogenic microorganisms and inhibiting the formation of disinfection by-products in two different municipal wastewaters for the source water of reclaimed water, which were from a microfilter (W1) and membrane bioreactor (W2) respectively. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total bacteria co...