Abstract This is the first work of a series thorough studies into taxonomy and systematics Carex in South America. Here, we present systematic placement, biogeographic insights, taxonomic accounts, formal typifications summarized distributions for 24 species subgenus Vignea with androgynous spikes continent. We performed phylogenetic study using barcode markers ETS, ITS matK to check placement ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165430.].

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers are formed by selective amplification of DNA fragments from digested total genomic DNA. The technique is popular because it is a relatively inexpensive way to produce large numbers of reproducible genetic markers. In this paper, we describe a Bayesian approach to modeling AFLP marker evolution by nucleotide substitution and an MCMC approach ...

The land crab Johngarthiaplanata (Stimpson, 1860) has been reported from the Baja California Peninsula and several oceanic islands in the Eastern Pacific as well as inshore islands of the Mexican, Costa Rican and Colombian coast. However, the species has not been observed on the continental mainland, as it is likely that the high diversity of terrestrial predators/competitors make the establish...