In this paper, we show that inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models can be used to estimate output with fuzzy data for a Decision Making Unit (DMU) when some or all inputs are increased and deficiency level of the unit remains unchanged.

SINCE THE INITIAL observations of William Harvey and the physiologic studies of Ernest Starling, the importance of changes in volume in the ventricles of the heart has been recognized. In physiologic and clinical studies of the heart, measurements of chamber pressure and cardiac output have been more easily obtained than volume, and only in recent years have methods been developed for the estim...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics of cardiac output during recovery from maximal exercise in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that oxygen uptake kinetics during recovery from exercise are delayed in patients with CHF. However, the kinetics of cardiac output during recovery from maximal exercise in CHF has not been ...

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to establish reference ranges for left and right cardiac output and to investigate blood flow distribution through the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary bed in human fetuses. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective study was performed in 222 normal fetuses from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation with high-resolution color Doppler ultrasound. Cardi...

runoff estimation resulted from precipitation is the basis of more study in various develop and exploit design from water resource, then its measure and calculation due to environmental bottlenecks, always have a plenty problem. as a result of the importance of output runoff estimation and flood volume in watershed for the sake of country integrated watershed management in this study tried to 9...