This brief review summarizes the recently obtained evidence which illustrates the beneficial effects of the endogenously produced antioxidant, melatonin, in reducing tissue damage and reversing cardiac pathophysiology in models of experimental ischemia / reperfusion. The report also describes the actions of other antioxidants, especially vitamin E and antioxidative enzymes, in altering the degr...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the value of preoperative cardiac testing in intermediate-risk patients receiving beta-blocker therapy with tight heart rate (HR) control scheduled for major vascular surgery. BACKGROUND Treatment guidelines of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommend cardiac testing in these patients to identify subjects at inc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients who are anticoagulated after cerebral ischemia have a 19-fold-higher risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) if they had an arterial rather than a cardiac source. To determine whether this excess risk of ICH was due to the underlying disease (cerebral ischemia of arterial versus cardiac origin) or whether it depended on the antithrombotic regimen, we studied the r...

BackgroundThere is ongoing controversy regarding the role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus medical therapy in patients with stable artery disease and findings mild, moderate, severe ischemia.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes among 9’708 low, intermediate, high-risk on cardiac stress testing who underwent catheterization IU Health Cardiac Cath multi-center re...

AIMS We sought to evaluate the impact of ischemic burden for the prediction of hard cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in patients with known or suspected CAD who undergo dobutamine stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DCMR). METHODS We included 3166 patients (pts.), mean age 63 ± 12 years, 27% female, who underwent DCMR in 3 tertiary cardiac centres (Unive...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic value of sustained improvement, scar and inducible ischemia with or without viability in patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). BACKGROUND Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography (DASE) accurately detects scar, reversible dysfunction and the extent of coronary artery disease in LVD. METHODS Three hundred fifty consecutive patients (a...

BACKGROUND Prior administration of a small dose of lipopolysaccharide confers a cardiac protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the signaling mechanisms that control the protection are incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates the ability of lipopolysaccharide to protect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through distin...

Renal ischemia is a common complication in the perioperative period that leads to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. As in other forms of ischemia (i.e., cardiac, neurologic), the incidence and outcome of renal ischemia is strikingly sex-specific. Sexual dimorphism in response to renal injury has been noted for many years, but is now the subject of both clinical and experimental research. ...

Having identified renin in cardiac mast cells, we assessed whether its release leads to cardiac dysfunction. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, mast cell degranulation with compound 48/80 released Ang I-forming activity. This activity was blocked by the selective renin inhibitor BILA2157, indicating that renin was responsible for Ang I formation. Local generation of cardiac Ang II from ...

OBJECTIVE Cardiac diseases are established risk factors for ischemic stroke incidence and severity. Conversely, there is increasing evidence that brain ischemia can cause cardiac dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying this neurogenic heart disease are incompletely understood. Although it is established that ischemic stroke is associated with cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial damage, elevated card...