A highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-aryl-3-acyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans by palladium-catalyzed acyloxyarylation involving dearomatization of benzofurans with arylboronic acids and carboxylic acids occurring under mild conditions has been developed.

Introduction It has been proposed that oxygen functional groups (i.e., carboxylic acids and their salts, phenols, and ethers), prevalent in low rank coals, are responsible for cross-linking reactions that inhibit the efficient conversion of low-rank coals to liquid fuels and chemicals. In the pyrolysis and liquefaction of low-rank coals, cross-linking has been correlated with evolution of CO2 a...

Rate coefficients are directly determined for the reactions of the Criegee intermediates (CI) CH2 OO and CH3 CHOO with the two simplest carboxylic acids, formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3 COOH), employing two complementary techniques: multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry and cavity-enhanced broadband ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The measured rate coefficients are in exce...

A novel approach for developing prodrugs based on masked carboxylic acids is described. Rather than using conventional esterase-based activation, thiazolidinone protecting groups have been identified that can reveal carboxylic acid groups upon activation by hydrogen peroxide. This may prove valuable in the continuing development of prodrug strategies that rely on reactive oxygen species (ROS) a...

Reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives might be expected to lead either to aldehydes or alcohols, functional groups having a lower oxidation state of the carboxyl carbon. that carboxylic acids themselves are reduced to alcohols by lithium aluminum hydride. At this point it will be useful to consider three kinds of reductions: (i) catalytic hydrogenation (ii) complex metal hydride reductions ...

Iron triflate, in situ-formed from FeCl3 and triflic acid, or FeCl3 and silver triflate efficiently catalyse the intermolecular addition of carboxylic acids to various alkenes to yield carboxylic esters; the reaction is applicable to the synthesis of unstable esters, such as acrylates.

Saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (fluorotelomer acids: FTAs) represent important intermediates in the degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Recent studies have detected FTAs at low concentrations (ng/L) in precipitation and surface waters; however, information regarding chronic toxicity is lacking. The present study assessed th...

In the human body, endogenous biologically active substances and xenobiotics that contain a carboxy group are known to transform various metabolites. Commonly, these carboxylic acids are activated to form the corresponding intermediates, such as coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters, key intermediates in reactions that result in the transfer of an acyl group, including conjugation with amino acids, chira...

Saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylic acids have been identified as intermediates in the degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Although surface waters are the likely environmental sink for telomer acids, no fate or toxicity data exist for this matrix. We assessed the acute toxicity of the 4:2, 6:2, 8:2, and 10:2 saturated (FTCA) and unsat...