The physiological state of a chloroplast is strongly influenced by both biotic and abiotic conditions. Unfavourable growth conditions lead to photosynthetic stress. Chlorophyll a fluorescence is a widely used probe of photosynthetic activity (specifically PSII), and therefore stress which specifically targets the electron transport pathway and associated alternative electron cycling pathways. B...

Frustration at carbon! Herein, we present a frustrated Lewis pair system derived from water stable carbon-based acid, trioxatriangulene (TOTA+), and variety of bases, which successfully promotes bond cleavage molecule fixation.

Coccolithophores have had an effect on global climate change for a few million years. The marine phytoplankton group is responsible for approximately 20% of the total carbon fixation in marine systems. They can form blooms spreading hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, are recognized by elegant coccolith structures formed from calcium carbonate exoskeletons, and are visible from space. A...

[1] The biological pump affects atmospheric CO2 levels and fuels most heterotrophic activity in the deep ocean. The efficiency of this pump depends on the rate of carbon fixation, export out of the euphotic zone and the depth of respiration. Here we study the depth dependence of respiration patterns, hence particulate carbon flux, using a compiled data set of sediment oxygen consumption rates. ...

With an annual production of >10 million t (Mt), China is the largest producer of cultivated shellfish and seaweeds in the world. Through mariculture of shellfish and seaweeds, it is estimated that 3.79 ± 0.37 Mt C yr–1 are being taken up, and 1.20 ± 0.11 Mt C yr–1 are being removed from the coastal ecosystem by harvesting (means ± SD). These estimates are based on carbon content data of both s...

Surface waters of the subtropical Sargasso Sea contain dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations of 0.2 to 1.0 nanomolar, which are sufficiently low to result in phosphorus control of primary production. The DIP concentrations in this area (which receives high inputs of iron-rich dust from arid regions of North Africa) are one to two orders of magnitude lower than surface levels in the...